[A quantitative study of the nonspecific component in p-aminohippurate transport in the apical membrane vesicles]. / Kolichestvennoe izuchenie nespetsificheskoi sostavliaiushchei transporta p-aminogippurata v vezikulakh apikal'noi membrany.

Separate components of the p-aminohippurate (PAH) nonspecific uptake were studied quantitatively using brush border membrane vesicles of the rat kidney cortex. It is shown that nonspecific PAH uptake is due only to membrane surface sorption, when diffusion and the Donnan ion distribution take no part in PAH uptake by vesicles. The magnitude of sorption depends on the incubation time and may reach as much as 25% of equilibrium value of the total uptake of PAH.

Lymphoscintigraphy. A reliable test for the diagnosis of lymphedema.

The efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of lymphedema was evaluated in 17 patients (total of 20 extremities). Final diagnoses were: three extremities with primary lymphedema, eight with secondary lymphedema, and nine with edema due to other causes. Qualitative interpretation of image patterns was reliable in differentiating lymphedema from edema of other origins (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). There were eight true-positive, nine true-negative, no false-positive, and three false-negative extremities. The three false-negative results occurred in extremities that were not imaged within the first hour. Lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable, objective, and noninvasive means of supporting the diagnosis of lymphedema, and lends itself more readily to repeated studies for follow-up than other available tests.

Infectious imaging with indium-111-labeled nonspecific polyclonal human immunoglobulin.

Nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin (IgG), prepared from pooled human serum gamma globulin and labeled with 111In has been reported to be equivalent to antigen-specific antibody in the detection of focal infection or inflammation during the first 24 hr after injection. We describe our experience in a Phase II clinical study using 111In-IgG in 15 patients (8 males, 7 females) ranging from 26 to 80 (mean = 50) yr of age with suspected focal infection/inflammation. Pathologic confirmation was obtained in 5/15 cases. A combination of clinical course, laboratory results, and other imaging procedures were used to categorize the other 10 patients. One possible false-negative involved a presumed aspiration pneumonia in a patient with a history of aspiration, bibasilar infiltrates on chest film, and no other identified source of infection. Otherwise, there were 10 confirmed positives, 4 confirmed negatives, and no false-positives. Our findings confirm earlier reports that 111In-IgG may be a superior imaging agent for infection/inflammation with practical advantages over 67Ga-citrate and 111In-labeled leukocytes.

[The clinical x-ray diagnosis of pulmonary hamartomas]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia diagnostika gamartom legkikh.

A clinico-roentgenologic study of 67 patients with hamartoma of the lung was carried out. Hamartoma could not be even suggested unless X-ray examination was performed but even this procedure sometimes failed to identify the disease. It was far from being each case that typical roentgenologic features of hamartoma were observed. Transthoracic needle biopsy may be helpful in identifying the nature of a roentgenologically detected tumor. Roentgenologically, hamartoma should be first of all distinguished from peripheral lung cancer. When clinico-roentgenologic and needle biopsy data are inconclusive with respect to lung cancer diagnostic thoracotomy should be performed.

[Ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of liver tumors]. / Pritsel'naia aspiratsionnaia biopsiia pod ul'trazvukovym kontrolem v diagnostike opukholei pecheni.

The paper is concerned with the analysis of the results of sonographically guided biopsy of hepatic tumors which had been carried out in 30 outpatients suffering primary cancer of the liver (3 cases), metastases (16), lymphosarcoma (2), cysts (2), adenoma (2), hemangioma (4) and hydatidiform mole (1 patient). The sensitivity of the method in tumor diagnosis was 89%, specificity--80%. Ultrasonographic features of the liver pathologies were studied versus morphologic type. Indications and technical requirements for ambulatory ultrasonographically guided biopsy of the liver are discussed.

[X-ray diagnosis of complications of purulent processes in the wrist]. / K rentgenodiagnostike oslozhnenii gnoinykh protsessov kisti.

To reveal the spreading of a purulent process to the antebrachial fatty spaces a study was made of an x-ray picture of soft tissues of the radiocarpal articulation and the forearm distal half in 126 patients with hand paronychia and phlegmon. In 24 of 95 patients with an unclear clinical picture of purulent discharge, typical x-ray symptoms of changes in soft tissues of the distal third of the forearm were found: typical deformity of fatty spaces with its distinct dynamics with relation to a stage of development of a pathological process. X-ray investigation permits the recognition of complications in hand purulent processes in order to take necessary therapeutic measures.

[Ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland]. / Ul'trazvukovaia tomografiia v diagnostike zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The paper deals with the characteristics of application of microwave computed tomography in diagnosis of most frequent tumors of the thyroid gland in 146 surgical cases. The role and scope of microwave studies carried out in dynamic monitoring thyroid cancer patients to assure early detection of metastasis and recurrence are discussed.

[Electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors]. / Elektrorentgenografiia v diagnostike opukholei miagkikh tkanei.

Clinical, electroroentgenographic and X-ray studies of soft tissues were carried out in 425 patients with malignant (75), benign (246) soft tissue tumors and in cases of such soft tissue pathologies of the extremities and body (104) as bursitis, hematoma, cyst and ganglia which may clinically simulate tumors. The paper discusses the technicalities of electroroentgenography which produces on one roentgenogram separate images of all components of soft tissues and bones in a given segment. A comparison of image quality assured by electroroentgeno- and roentgenography did not establish any significant difference in soft tissue tumor semiotics. Electroroentgenography of soft tissues is relatively less sophisticated, time-consuming and cheaper; it does not require special medical facilities for examining patients bearing soft tissue tumor or suspect lesions.

[Physico-chemical mechanisms of organic acid transport in the apical membrane cells of the proximal kidney tubules in rats. I. Kinetic transport parameters and effect of the lipid phasic state on transport]. / Fiziko-khimicheskie mekhanizmy transporta organicheskikh kislot v vezikulakh apikal'noi membrany kletok proksimal'nykh kanal'tsev pochki krys. I. Kineticheskie parametry transporta i vliianie fazovogo sostoianiia na transport.

The kinetics of the transport of 3H-para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and the influence of the temperature on the initial rate of transport were studied on the vesicles of a purified fraction of the apical membrane isolated from cells of kidney proximal tubules. The PAH transport is accomplished owing to the facilitate diffusion mechanism. The apparent Michaelis constant at 36 degrees C was equal to 7.0 + 1.0 mM, the maximum rate was 15 nmol/min on 1 mg of protein, the inhibition constant for the PAH transport by probenecid being 0.5 mM. At 22 degrees C the apparent Michaelis constant was drastically increased. When the temperature dependence of the initial rate of PAH transport into vesicles was replotted in the form of the Arrhenius plot, there was a turning-point of the line at 28-30 degrees C. The same turning-point is shown on the Arrhenius plot for temperature dependence of alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker enzyme for the apical membrane). The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra analysis of 5-doxylstearate-labeled apical membrane preparation reveals a thermotropic transition near 21-29 degrees C. It is concluded that the function of the carrier and the activity of alkaline phosphatase depend on the phasic state of membrane lipids; the normal function of membrane proteins is possible under the liquid-crystalline state of the lipid bilayer.

[Complex preoperative diagnosis of the dissemination of stomach cancer to abdominal and retroperitoneal organs and tissues]. / Kompleksnaia dooperatsionnaia diagnostika rasprostraneniia raka zheludka na organy i tkani briushnoi i zabriushnnoi lokalizatsii.

An analysis of 136 cases of stomach cancer led to the determination of the role and place of gamma-topography, echography, computerized x-ray tomography, angiography and laparoscopy in specified preoperative diagnosis of extra-organ spreading of primary tumors. The informative value and shortcomings of certain methods were shown. A high accuracy of the entire set of diagnostic procedures (94.8%) in the preoperative definition of stomach cancer involvement of the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs and tissues was emphasized.

[Ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. / Ul'trazvukovaia tomografiia v diagnostike raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The results of an ultrasonic tomographic study of 77 patients are presented. Cancer of the pancreas was identified in 50 patients. The diagnosis was verified by a complex examination and surgical evidence. The histological pattern of tumor was identified in 28 cases. The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was confirmed by ultrasonic tomography in 42 cases, the sensitivity of the procedure being 88%, specificity-81%. In cases of chronic pancreatitis, the sensitivity proved 70%, thus requiring a complex approach to differential diagnosis between the two pathologies.