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1.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol ; 62(8): 2259-2270, 2018 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28658999

ABSTRACT

This study has examined the predictive validity of the Historical Clinical Future [ Historisch Klinisch Toekomst] Revised risk assessment scheme in a cohort of 347 forensic psychiatric patients, which were discharged between 2004 and 2008 from any of 12 highly secure forensic centers in the Netherlands. Predictive validity was measured 2 and 5 years after release. Official reconviction data obtained from the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice were used as outcome measures. Violent reoffending within 2 and 5 years after discharge was assessed. With regard to violent reoffending, results indicated that the predictive validity of the Historical domain was modest for 2 (area under the curve [AUC] = .75) and 5 (AUC = .74) years. The predictive validity of the Clinical domain was marginal for 2 (admission: AUC = .62; discharge: AUC = .63) and 5 (admission: AUC = .69; discharge: AUC = .62) years after release. The predictive validity of the Future domain was modest (AUC = .71) for 2 years and low for 5 (AUC = .58) years. The total score of the instrument was modest for 2 years (AUC = .78) and marginal for 5 (AUC = .68) years. Finally, the Final Risk Judgment was modest for 2 years (AUC = .78) and marginal for 5 (AUC = .63) years time at risk. It is concluded that this risk assessment instrument appears to be a satisfactory instrument for risk assessment.


Subject(s)
Commitment of Mentally Ill , Recidivism/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment , Adolescent , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Forensic Psychiatry , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands , Reproducibility of Results , Young Adult
2.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil ; 96(9): 1654-7, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26047530

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a handcycle training program during inpatient rehabilitation and the changes in physical capacity in persons with subacute spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS: Persons with subacute SCI in regular rehabilitation (N=45). INTERVENTIONS: A structured handcycle interval training program during the last 8 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. Training was scheduled 3 times per week (24 sessions total), with an intended frequency of ≥2 times per week. Intended intensity was a Borg score of 4 to 7 on a 10-point scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility was assessed, and participant satisfaction was evaluated (n=30). A maximal handcycling test was performed 8 weeks prior to discharge and at discharge to determine peak power output and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (n=23). RESULTS: Of the participants, 91% completed the handcycle training, and no adverse events were reported. Mean training frequency was 1.8±0.5 times per week, and mean Borg score was 6.2±1.4. Persons with complete lesions demonstrated lower training feasibility. Most participants were satisfied with the handcycle training. Peak power output and VO2peak improved significantly after the training period (P<.01) by 36.4% and 9.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, handcycle training during inpatient rehabilitation in persons with SCI was feasible except for the training frequency. Persons with complete lesions likely need extra attention to benefit optimally from handcycling training. Because the improvements in physical capacity were larger than those known to occur in persons with paraplegia receiving regular rehabilitation, the results suggest that the addition of handcycle training may result in larger increases in physical capacity compared with regular rehabilitation only.


Subject(s)
Physical Therapy Modalities , Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation , Wheelchairs , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rehabilitation Centers , Trauma Severity Indices , Young Adult
3.
Disabil Rehabil ; 33(5): 412-22, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20604689

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the contents of interventions to improve self-care and mobility for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) in early post-acute rehabilitation, using the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System (SCI-ICS), and to compare these interventions between rehabilitation centres. The SCI-ICS describes therapy to improve self-care and mobility at three levels of functioning and consists of 25 categories with a total of 139 different interventions. METHODS: Fifty-three physical therapists, occupational therapists and sports therapists of three Dutch SCI rehabilitation centres recorded interventions with the SCI-ICS for patients with SCI in early post-acute rehabilitation for four consecutive weeks. RESULTS: Therapists recorded 1640 treatment sessions of 48 patients with a SCI. The mean number of treatment sessions per patient per week (8.9 overall) differed between centres (p < 0.05), unlike the mean therapy time in minutes per patient per week (259 overall). Highest frequencies for individual categories were found for 'Muscle Power', 'Walking', and 'Hand rim wheelchair propulsion'. CONCLUSIONS: We described the specific contents of therapy of patients with a SCI in three Dutch rehabilitation centres. The largest proportion of time was spent on interventions to improve muscle power, walking, and hand rim wheelchair propulsion.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/standards , Occupational Therapy/standards , Physical Therapy Modalities/standards , Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Aged , Dependent Ambulation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Therapy/methods , Recovery of Function , Rehabilitation Centers/standards , Treatment Outcome , Walking , Wheelchairs
4.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil ; 90(7): 1229-36, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19577037

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of the Dutch version of the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Three Dutch spinal cord injury facilities. PARTICIPANTS: Six physical therapists, 6 occupational therapists, and 3 sports therapists. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A 4- or 5-digit code was used to score videotaped interventions on 2 occasions in terms of level, category, and type of intervention. We examined the percentage of correctly assigned interventions (agreement between the researcher and the participants), agreement between the first and second measurements (intrarater reliability), and agreement between the therapists of the same discipline (interrater reliability). RESULTS: A total of 252 interventions were assigned. The agreement between the researcher and the participants was good: the percentage of correct interventions was high at both measurements (91.7% and 94.4%). Intrarater agreement was also good (90.9%). The interrater agreement within the physical therapists and the occupational therapists was high at both occasions (mean, 92.3% and 87.0%, respectively), but lower within the sports therapists (mean, 69.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The study provided first evidence for reliability of the classification system. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to test the reliability of other language versions.


Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living/classification , Mobility Limitation , Physical Therapy Modalities , Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation , Humans , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Psychother Res ; 18(3): 334-44, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18815985

ABSTRACT

Assessment of living skills and violence risk in forensic psychiatric patients is a priority for clinicians. Suitably fine-grained instruments are rare. The goal of this study was to compare a norm-based psychometric assessment battery (the Behavioural Status [BEST] Index) with known valid instruments. Parallel cohort studies were undertaken in four European countries. Inpatients from 24 forensic psychiatric clinics were assessed three times using five instruments measuring living skills, psychological symptoms, aggression, and violence risk. Positive clinical changes were noted in insight, empathy, and some behaviors related to communication and living skills, with little change in violence risk, which was low to medium for most patients. Clinical congruence was observed between logically cognate items of the BEST Index and comparison instruments. Evidence for the scientific and clinical utility of the BEST Index as an effective tool for forensic psychiatric practice is discussed.


Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Aggression/psychology , Communication , Europe/epidemiology , Humans , Observer Variation , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Violence/psychology
6.
Trends Pharmacol Sci ; 29(4): 175-80, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18342376

ABSTRACT

An excessive hypertrophic response of the heart to an increased workload is a leading cause of heart failure. At present, cardiac hypertrophy is treated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system or with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. These current therapeutic strategies inhibit prohypertrophic signaling pathways, but this therapy is inadequate in a substantial number of patients. However, the hypertrophic response of the heart is the net result of activation of prohypertrophic and antihypertrophic pathways. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) has a powerful antihypertrophic effect, but is inhibited by growth factors and hypertrophic stimuli through phosphorylation at the Ser9 residue of GSK-3 beta. Activation of the Wnt/frizzled pathway also results in inactivation of GSK-3 beta through sequestration of the kinase rather than phosphorylation at Ser9. In this Opinion article we will review the current evidence for the involvement of Wnt/frizzled signaling and the activation of GSK-3 beta in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy, and subsequently discuss the potential of this pathway to serve as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiac hypertrophy.


Subject(s)
Cardiomegaly/drug therapy , Frizzled Receptors/physiology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/physiology , Signal Transduction/physiology , Wnt Proteins/physiology , Animals , Cardiomegaly/etiology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta , Humans , Receptor Cross-Talk , beta Catenin/physiology
7.
J Bacteriol ; 188(7): 2604-13, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16547048

ABSTRACT

The recently identified CprK branch of the CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein)-FNR (fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator) family of transcriptional regulators includes proteins that activate the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Here we report the characterization of the CprK1 protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense, an anaerobic low-G+C gram-positive bacterium that is capable of reductive dechlorination of 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Cl-OHPA). The gene encoding CprK1 was cloned and functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was subsequently purified to homogeneity. To investigate the interaction of CprK1 with three of its predicted binding sequences (dehaloboxes), we performed in vitro DNA-binding assays (electrophoretic mobility shift assays) as well as in vivo promoter probe assays. Our results show that CprK1 binds its target dehaloboxes with high affinity (dissociation constant, 90 nM) in the presence of Cl-OHPA and that transcriptional initiation by CprK1 is influenced by deviations in the dehaloboxes from the consensus TTAAT----ATTAA sequence. A mutant CprK1 protein was created by a Val-->Glu substitution at a conserved position in the recognition alpha-helix that gained FNR-type DNA-binding specificity, recognizing the TTGAT----ATCAA sequence (FNR box) instead of the dehaloboxes. CprK1 was subject to oxidative inactivation in vitro, most likely caused by the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bridge between Cys11 and Cys200. The possibility of redox regulation of CprK1 by a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction was investigated by using two Cys-->Ser mutants. Our results indicate that a Cys11-Cys200 disulfide bridge does not appear to play a physiological role in the regulation of CprK1.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Desulfitobacterium/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Desulfitobacterium/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Mutation , Oxidation-Reduction , Transcription Factors/chemistry , Transcription Factors/genetics
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