ABSTRACT
The peculiarities of the spread of vaccine-like viruses first revealed more than 50 years ago in the area of the South America was discussed. These viruses cause infective episodes among milk cattle and caretaking personnel. Cancellation of the smallpox vaccination in 1980 resulted in a decrease in the community immunity and increased the risks of human infection. This circumstance makes it necessary to activate monitoring of the properties of the vaccine-like viruses, the circle of hosts and possible changes in the pathogenicity for humans.
Subject(s)
Smallpox Vaccine/therapeutic use , Vaccination , Vaccines/immunology , Viruses/pathogenicity , Animals , Cattle , Humans , Smallpox Vaccine/immunology , South America , Vaccines/genetics , Viruses/genetics , Viruses/immunologyABSTRACT
Features of spread of cowpox in the contemporary conditions are examined. A decrease of population immunity to pox in the population of Russia caused by cancellation of pox immunization, hidden circulation of cowpox virus in various species of rodents, as well as lack of vigilance to pathogenic orthopoxviurses in healthcare workers were noted to create the real preconditions for the emergence of infection of humans caused by cowpox virus. Thereby presence of means of express laboratory diagnostics of cowpox and means of effective medical protection for the prevention of development of this disease in the population of Russia becomes an actual necessity.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/transmission , Cowpox/epidemiology , Cowpox/veterinary , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Zoonoses/transmission , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Cowpox/transmission , Cowpox/virology , Cowpox virus/physiology , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Humans , Immunization/statistics & numerical data , Rodentia , Russia/epidemiology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Zoonoses/virologyABSTRACT
Features of spread of monkeypox after eradication of smallpox and cancellation of mandatory pox immunization are examined. In the condition of cancellation of mandatory pox immunization, a decrease of population immunity to pox in the population, a lack of vigilance in most of the medical specialists to diseases caused by other pathogenic for human orthopoxviruses was noted. This situation complicates the prognosis of the development of possible outbreaks of infection of humans by monkeypox. In such situation only constant vigilance with respect to this zooanthroponosis, use of express diagnostics methods, as well as means of effective protection will allow to stop outbreaks of monkeypox at the early stages of the development.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Mandatory Programs , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Smallpox Vaccine , Vaccination , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Animals , Humans , Mpox (monkeypox)/prevention & control , Mpox (monkeypox)/transmission , Zoonoses/transmission , Zoonoses/virologyABSTRACT
Clinical trials of tabletted pox vaccine revealed development of tonsillitis as a postvaccinal reaction in some volunteers: ulceronecrotic lesions in the tonsils, lymphadenitis, hyperthermia and asthenia. The main cause of the local inflammatory reactions was activation of the host opportunistic microflora including hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment of the infectious complications systemic antimicrobials, such as benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) in combination with the symptomatic therapy were used. The treatment course of 9 days provided complete elimination of the postvaccinal reactions, the specific antibody generation being not affected.
