ABSTRACT
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
ABSTRACT
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
ABSTRACT
Cytological analysis of the pleural cavity becomes extremely important for the diagnosis of tumors that have no visible or palpable mass. The aim of this study is to report a case of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat, a rare neoplasm, emphasizing the importance of laboratory tests, especially the analysis of effusions. This report discloses the usefulness of cytology in effusions directing the clinical veterinarian for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
A análise citológica das efusões cavitárias torna-se de suma importância para o diagnóstico de neoplasmas que não possuem massa visível ou palpável. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de sarcoma histiocítico hemofagocítico em um felino, um neoplasma de ocorrência rara, enfatizando a importância dos exames laboratoriais, 1 principalmente análise de efusões. Este relato expõe a utilidade da análise citológica das efusões direcionando o clínico veterinário para o diagnóstico correto e posterior tratamento.
ABSTRACT
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
ABSTRACT
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
ABSTRACT
Cytological analysis of the pleural cavity becomes extremely important for the diagnosis of tumors that have no visible or palpable mass. The aim of this study is to report a case of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat, a rare neoplasm, emphasizing the importance of laboratory tests, especially the analysis of effusions. This report discloses the usefulness of cytology in effusions directing the clinical veterinarian for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
A análise citológica das efusões cavitárias torna-se de suma importância para o diagnóstico de neoplasmas que não possuem massa visível ou palpável. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de sarcoma histiocítico hemofagocítico em um felino, um neoplasma de ocorrência rara, enfatizando a importância dos exames laboratoriais, 1 principalmente análise de efusões. Este relato expõe a utilidade da análise citológica das efusões direcionando o clínico veterinário para o diagnóstico correto e posterior tratamento.
ABSTRACT
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
ABSTRACT
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos em búfalos de diferentes faixas etárias criados emsistema extensivo no Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizaram-se 45 búfalos, separados em três grupos: grupo 1 (n=12) animais comseis meses de idade; grupo 2 (n=16) animais com 12 meses de idade e grupo 3 (n=17) animais com 24 meses de idade.Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos nos seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagem de hemácias,concentração de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), leucócitos totais, neutrófilos segmentados,eosinófilos, monócitos e fibrinogênio. Os resultados encontrados indicam que existem variações no hemograma de bubalinosconforme a idade analisada. Dessa forma, é necessário que médicos-veterinários tenham conhecimento desses valorespara que esses dados não sejam interpretados como indicativo de doença.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos em búfalos de diferentes faixas etárias criados emsistema extensivo no Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizaram-se 45 búfalos, separados em três grupos: grupo 1 (n=12) animais comseis meses de idade; grupo 2 (n=16) animais com 12 meses de idade e grupo 3 (n=17) animais com 24 meses de idade.Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos nos seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagem de hemácias,concentração de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), leucócitos totais, neutrófilos segmentados,eosinófilos, monócitos e fibrinogênio. Os resultados encontrados indicam que existem variações no hemograma de bubalinosconforme a idade analisada. Dessa forma, é necessário que médicos-veterinários tenham conhecimento desses valorespara que esses dados não sejam interpretados como indicativo de doença.
ABSTRACT
Canine distemper is a highly very contagious and multissitemic viral disease, very important for the dog population in all over the world. In Brazil, many dogs die each year and in other countries this disease is considered a constant threat. Canine distemper has been implicated as the cause of several declines in carnivore populations and also can affect some economic parameters related to the susceptible farmed fur animals. For its high relevancy and incidence in animals, domestic or wildlife, this paper reviews the historic, risk groups, infection sources, vaccines failures, Brazilian epidemiological data, diagnostic methods and the link between canine distemper and human diseases. Because canine distemper has become an emerging disease, and the knowledge about it is necessary for the improvement in the prevention and control of the disease.
A cinomose canina, enfermidade viral multissistêmica e altamente contagiosa, é mundialmente importante para os cães domésticos. No Brasil, milhares de cães morrem todo o ano, e em outros países a doença é considerada uma ameaça constante, seja pelo risco de causar extinção de espécies silvestres ou pelo valor econômico de animais produtores de pele. Por sua alta relevância e incidência, tanto de animais domésticos quanto selvagens, esta revisão pretende abordar aspectos relacionados à cinomose canina, como seu histórico, grupos de risco, fontes de infecção, sinais clínicos, falhas vacinais, dados epidemiológicos brasileiros, métodos de diagnóstico e envolvimento desta com doenças humanas. A compreensão da cinomose canina é necessária para o aprimoramento de medidas de prevenção e controle da doença.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.
ABSTRACT
A colonoscopia é importante procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico utilizado nas afecções que acometem o intestino grosso de cães. Uma condição essencial para sua realização é o preparo do paciente, incluindo a remoção de fluídos e do material fecal do cólon. Nesse estudo foram avaliados a eficácia do preparo com bisacodil oral e enema fosfatado, comparando dois diferentes intervalos de tempo entre o enema e a colonoscopia. Quatro cães foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo 2 horas (G2h) e grupo 45 min. (G45min.), de acordo com o intervalo de tempo transcorido entre o segundo enema e a colonoscopia. Em ambos os grupos, o colônica grau II foi classificado como bom, enquanto que o G45min. em grau I, excelente. A solução de NaP retal, promove limpeza colônica adequada para colonoscopia, porém, para melhor visibilização da mucosa, indica-se que o segundo enema seja realizado 45minutos previamente ao procedimento.