ABSTRACT
Efficient maize-faba bean intercropping system for optimum grain yield and productivity is needed in order to use the limited land and to enhance food security of the smallholder farmers. A field experiment was conducted at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia during the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons to determine the effect of variety and spatial arrangement on a maize-faba bean intercropping system on yield components and yields of the component crops and the productivity of the system. The treatments consisted of the recommended 100% plant populations of maize (Baate) variety intercropped with 50% of the recommended density of four faba bean varieties (Yeferenji Baqela, Yehabesha Baqela, Batte and Gachena). The component crops were sown at three levels of spatial arrangements (1:1 1:2 and 2:2), whereas sole maize and the four faba beans were sole-planted. The treatments were laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial approach. The results revealed that cropping season affected all the maize variables-cropped. Sole-cropped maize gave the higher grain yield (5.91 t ha-1) compared to intercropping system. Maize intercropped with 2:2 spatial arrangements gave the highest grain yield (5.37 t ha-1). Sole-cropped faba bean gave higher seed yield (2.04 t ha-1) than intercropped faba bean. The 1:1 spatial arrangement was superior in number of pods per plant (5.27), aboveground dry biomass (3.81 t ha-1), and seed yield (0.86 t ha-1) to the other spatial arrangements. Variety Gachena was superior to the other varieties in number of pods per plant (5.49), above ground dry biomass (3.77 t ha-1), seed yield (0.88 t ha-1). Land equivalent ratio (LER) was unaffected by variety differences; however, a 26.8% yield advantage was achieved at 1:1 spatial arrangement in which the highest LER (1.268) value was obtained. The highest gross monetary value (GMV) (96,308 ETB ha-1), maize equivalent yield (MEY) (6420.53 kg ha-1) and monetary advantage index (MAI) (17,506) was obtained from Gachena variety. A 1:1 spatial arrangement gave the maximum GMV (94,162 ETB ha-1), MEY (6277.49 kg ha-1) and MAI (18,761). Therefore, it is concluded that intercropping of Gachena variety in a 1:1 spatial arrangement with maize resulted in the highest productivity and economic advantage for the farmers of the study area.
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays)-faba bean (Vicia faba) intercropping is a recent practice in eastern Ethiopia and there is limited information on optimum planting density and suitable varieties of faba bean for productive intercropping with maize. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in eastern Ethiopia during the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons to determine the effects of variety and density of faba bean on the yield components of the crops and the productivity of the intercropping. Treatments consisted of three farmers' varieties (Yeferenji Baqela, Yehabesha Baqela, Batte) and one improved variety (Gachena)intercropped with maize in an additive design at three plant densities (25%, 50%, and 75% of their recommended sole crop density of 250,000 plants ha-1) and the recommended 100% plant density of sole faba bean and sole maize. A randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of treatments replicated three times per treatment was used. Analysis of data revealed that sole maize produced a significantly higher number of ears per plant (1.70), thousand kernel weight (287.9 g), aboveground dry biomass (19.11 t ha-1) and grain yield (6.16 t ha-1) than intercropped maize. Among the intercropping systems, maize intercropped with 25% of the sole faba bean produced a significantly higher grain yield (5.56 t ha-1) than 50% and 75% plant density. Similarly, the 75% plant density of the sole faba bean intercropped with maize produced the highest grain yield (0.96 t ha-1) compared to the 25% and 50% plant densities. Faba bean planted in the sole system produced a significantly higher seed yield (2.08 t ha-1) than the intercropped faba bean with maize. Faba bean variety Gachena was found to be superior than the other varieties in number of pods per plant (10.23), aboveground dry biomass (3.73 t ha-1), grain yield (1.96 t ha-1) and harvest index (26.75%). Land equivalent ratio showed 18.4% higher yield advantage when maize was intercropped with faba bean than when it was sole-cropped. The highest gross monetary value (99318 Ethiopian Birr ha-1) and maize equivalent yield (6621.2 kg ha-1) were obtained from maize intercropped with Gachena faba bean variety with no significant differences among the plant densities. It is concluded that intercropping of maize with 75% plant density of improved Gachena variety resulted in superior performance of the system in terms of productivity and economic return.
ABSTRACT
Cowpea is one of the most important grain legumes for human consumption and animal feeding. Despite this importance, its production is hampered by biotic and abiotic constraints. Genotype by environment interaction study was performed to identify the most stable cowpea genotype(s) and the desirable environment(s) for cowpea research in Ethiopia. Twenty-four cowpea landraces and one standard check were evaluated for grain yield and yield-related traits at six locations (Sekota, Kobo, Sirinka, Melkassa, Mieso, and Babile) using 5 × 5 triple lattice during 2019. Combined analysis of variance showed that grain yield was significantly affected by environments, genotypes, and GE interactions. AMMI analysis revealed the contribution of environment, genotype, and GEI for 29.79%, 15.6%, and 42.06% of variation on grain yield. The first two principal components explained 57.97% of the total GEI variance. AMMI model selected G24 as 1st and 2nd best genotype at five environments. The polygon view of the GGE biplot identified three mega-environments (ME1, ME2, and ME3) with winning genotypes: G24, G3, and G16, respectively. The highest productive (2528.8 kg ha-1) environment, miesso has been identified as the most; discriminating and representative testing environment whereas the lowest productive (1676.1 kg ha-1) Sirinka was the least discriminating and representative. The highest yielder G24 (2632 kg ha-1) was identified as the "ideal" and the most stable genotype followed by G16 (2290 kg ha-1) while the least stable and low yielder was G11. Therefore, genotypes G24 and G16 were recommended for verification and commercial production in most cowpea growing areas of Ethiopia.
