[Distribution of bacterial spores in supermarkets].

This work presents results of the study on the environment prevalence of spores of aerobic bacteria, which are of potential danger to human health. The investigation of swabs from handles of supermarket trolleys revealed on their surface the presence of a large number of spores of unrelated pathogenic bacteria carrying as antibiotic resistance genes and the origin of genes protected by bacterial spores from harmful environmental conditions as well. The high resistance of bacterial spores to antiseptics and disinfectants can be considered as the reason for the their accumulation in the environment.

[Metagenomic analysis of samples in cystitis].

Detecting bacteria in pathological material and testing their sensitivity to antibiotics is essential in determining a treatment strategy and the choice of antimicrobial therapy. The results of the study showed that metagenomic analysis detects more bacteria in the pathological material than standard laboratory methods. We found a variety of bacteria, described as causative agents of urinary tract infections, evading the standard culture conditions used in routine diagnostic laboratories. These data show that in urinary tract infections mixed pathogens may be much more common than usually believed. At that, the pathological process involves bacteria with unexplored pathogenicity and sensitivity to antibiotics.

[Unknown pathogens from the human oral microflora of interest for otorhinolaryngology].

The identification of microorganisms from the human oral cavity is a topical problem in many clinical disciplines including otorhinolaryngology. Many bacterial species of oral microbiota are causative agents of ENT diseases, and poor conditions of the oral cavity, unhealthy teeth and gums increase the risk of the spread of infection. The objective of the present study was to distinguish and identify poorly explored and previously unknown aerobic opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms responsible for various ENT disorders. The normal microflora remains to be thoroughly studied with the use of the new culturing techniques that ensure the isolation of pure microbial cultures. The present publication reports for the first time isolation of the stable mixed microbial biofilms formed by unrelated bacterial species and containing the yet unknown microorganisms. The isolated bacteria were identified as previously unknown or poorly unexplored anaerobic opportunistic species capable of inducing ENT pathology; their sensitivity to antibiotics was evaluated.

[New approaches to oral cavity opportunistic microbiota study].

Identification of some bacteria of the oral microbiota in humans including opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infections of various locations is a challenging problem for dentistry. Lack of knowledge on oral microbiota is the result of the absence of appropriate culture technique for isolation of pure cultures of those bacteria. The paper presents the study on mixed oral microbial biofilms with isolation and identification of insufficiently explored or still unknown aerobic opportunistic bacteria.

[Combined action of levofloxacin and DNAase on biofilms of urogenital infection pathogens].

The effect of antibiotics and DNAase on biofilms of unrelated gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied on strains isolated from patients with infectious and inflammatory urinary diseases. It was found that destruction of extracellular DNA biofilms by DNAase increases sensitivity of the bacteria to environmental factors including antibacterial drugs. DNAase addition to forming and formed biofilms created by unrelated bacteria leads to similar dose-dependent changes This evidences for universal action of the enzyme. A synergetic effect occurs in combined action of antibiotic biofilm and DNAase on bacteria.

[Efficacy of fluoroquinolones on urological infection pathogens within biofilms].

Our investigations demonstrated that fluoroquinalones affect both formation and established urological bacterial biofilms which present difficulties for antimicrobial therapy because incomplete eradication of uroinfection promotes persistence and development of chronic processes. Fluoroquinalones reduce biofilm mass and number of CFU. The affected biofilms become less resistant to external impacts. This provides a more potent action of antibiotic and, finally, a good therapeutic effect of the drug. Levofloxacin (floracid) showed the highest activity among fluoroquinalones studied. It actively suppresses uroinfection bacteria in biofilms and lowers the risk of the infection recurrence.

[Effect of exogenic proteolytic enzymes on transfer of plasmid genes in mixed bacterial biofilms].

The effect of the enzyme complex from Vobenzin on transfer of plasmid genes in biofilms of gramnegative bacteria was studied. The extracellular matrix of the bacterial biofilms was shown to contain extracellular DNA carrying the antibiotic resistance markers. The action of the enzyme complex resulted in lower frequency of the antibiotic resistance genes transfer in mixed bacterial biofilms.

[Characteristics of azithromycin action on bacterial biofilms of pneumonia pathogens].

Azithromycin (Zitrolid) action on biofilms formed by gramnegative and grampositive microorganisms, isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections was investigated. The drug was effective at the stage of the biofilm formation and on exposition to the already formed biofilms.

[Combined action of antibiotics and deoxyribonuclease on bacteria].

The impact of DNase on formation of biofilms by grampositive and gramnegative bacteria was studied. The enzyme was shown to inhibit the biofilm formation and have no toxicity to bacteria. When applied to the formed associations, DNase potentiated the effect of antibiotics on the bacteria located in them. An increase in the antimicrobial effect of various nonrelated antibiotics was not connected with a change in the bacteria susceptibility but likely resulted from a break of the genetic cooperation of the cells' community, connected with functions of extracellular DNA of the biofilm's matrix.

[Enzyme DNA-ase use in patients with maxillofacial abscesses and phlegmons].

The results of the clinical studies indicate that DNAase treatment of the patients with maxillofacial abscesses and phlegmons increases the effect of antibacterial therapy. During microbiologic testing in the patients treated with DNAase together with antibacterial therapy it was recorded a marked decrease in the plating of bacteria. This effect is supposed to be connected with enzyme ability to penetrate into microbial biofilms and disturb microbial interactions.

[Influence of cultivation conditions on bacterial DNA content and bacterial membrane permeability].

The study included measurement of intracellular and extracellular DNA content and evaluation of bacterial membrane condition during plankton growth and in isolated communities. This was performed at different stages of bacterial development and after heating at the temperature of heat shock system activation. The content of intracellular bacterial DNA in the community decreased after 72 hours of cultivation growth more prominently than during plankton growth. Change of intracellular bacterial DNA content in the community overtook the increase of membrane permeability, which may indicate the onset of apoptosis. Heating at 420' decreased the permeability of bacterial membranes in the community, but did not affect this parameter in the bacteria during plankton growth. Extracellular DNA was found in the matrix of the communities after 24 hours of growth. Appearance of this DNA after 48-74 hours of cultivation may be associated with apoptotic process.