Quantifying the Magnetic Interactions Governing Chiral Spin Textures Using Deep Neural Networks.

The interplay of magnetic interactions in chiral multilayer films gives rise to nanoscale topological spin textures that form attractive elements for next-generation computing. Quantifying these interactions requires several specialized, time-consuming, and resource-intensive experimental techniques. Imaging of ambient domain configurations presents a promising avenue for high-throughput extraction of parent magnetic interactions. Here, we present a machine learning (ML)-based approach to simultaneously determine the key magnetic interactions─symmetric exchange, chiral exchange, and anisotropy─governing the chiral domain phenomenology in multilayers, using a single binarized image of domain configurations. Our convolutional neural network model, trained and validated on over 10,000 domain images, achieved R2 > 0.85 in predicting the parameters and independently learned the physical interdependencies between magnetic parameters. When applied to microscopy data acquired across samples, our model-predicted parameter trends are consistent with those of independent experimental measurements. These results establish ML-driven techniques as valuable, high-throughput complements to conventional determination of magnetic interactions and serve to accelerate materials and device development for nanoscale electronics.

[Precision of arthroscopic surgeons using ultrasound for the first time to measure tendon structures]. / Precisión de los cirujanos artroscopistas al medir por ecografía estructuras tendinosas sin tener experiencia previa en la utilización de este método.

BACKGROUND: The precision of a group of arthroscopic surgeons using ultrasound for the first time was assessed when measuring shoulder and hip tendon structures. METHODS: Twenty-two students and 3 professors participated in a one-day theoretical-practical course. Two measurement rounds were conducted, during which each student identified the greater and lesser axes and the cross-sectional area of the biceps tendon, the supraspinous depth, as well as the lesser and greater axes and the cross-sectional area of the iliac psoas. The mean of the two measurements made by each of the course professors was considered as the reference value. RESULTS: When the 2 measurements made by each of the students of each of the structures were assessed, no significant correlation was found in any of the cases, with a p 0.05. With the exception of the cross-sectional area of the biceps, where there was a significant undersizing of the structure, in the remaining 7 measurements a marked trend to oversize the structures was seen in both the first and second measurements, with a high statistical significance (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is a useful method through which arthroscopic surgeons can identify structures. However, the marked trend to oversize structures compared to the reference values leads to think that the training courses and the daily practice are essential to improve the method.

Se evalúa la precisión de un grupo de cirujanos artroscopistas sin experiencia en la utilización de la ecografía al medir estructuras tendinosas en el hombro y la cadera.

Precisión de los cirujanos artroscopistas al medir por ecografía estructuras tendinosas sin tener experiencia previa en la utilización de este método / Precision of arthroscopic surgeons using ultrasound for the first time to measure tendon structures

Resumen: Antecedentes: Se evalúa la precisión de un grupo de cirujanos artroscopistas sin experiencia en la utilización de la ecografía al medir estructuras tendinosas en el hombro y la cadera. Métodos: Participaron 22 alumnos y tres profesores en un curso de formación teórico-práctico de un día de duración. Se realizaron dos tandas de mediciones, donde cada alumno identificó el eje menor, el mayor y el área de sección transversal (AST) del tendón del bíceps, el grosor del supraespinoso y el eje menor, mayor y el AST del psoas-ilíaco. Se establecieron como valores de referencia las medias de las dos mediciones realizadas por cada uno de los profesores del curso. Resultados: Evaluando las dos mediciones realizadas por los alumnos en cada una de las estructuras, no se logró una correlación significativa en ninguno de los casos, obteniendo siempre una p > 0.05. Salvo en la medición del AST del bíceps, donde de manera significativa se realizó una infraestimación; en el resto de las siete mediciones hubo una marcada tendencia a sobredimensionar las estructuras tanto en la primera como en la segunda medición, siendo esto altamente significativo (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La ecografía es un método útil para identificar estructuras por parte de los cirujanos artroscopistas. Sin embargo, la marcada tendencia a sobredimensionarlas con respecto a los valores tomados como referencia hace pensar que la realización de cursos de capacitación y la práctica diaria son indispensables para perfeccionar la utilización del método.

Abstract: Background: The precision of a group of arthroscopic surgeons using ultrasound for the first time was assessed when measuring shoulder and hip tendon structures. Methods: Twenty-two students and 3 professors participated in a one-day theoretical-practical course. Two measurement rounds were conducted, during which each student identified the greater and lesser axes and the cross-sectional area of the biceps tendon, the supraspinous depth, as well as the lesser and greater axes and the cross-sectional area of the iliac psoas. The mean of the two measurements made by each of the course professors was considered as the reference value. Results: When the 2 measurements made by each of the students of each of the structures were assessed, no significant correlation was found in any of the cases, with a p > 0.05. With the exception of the cross-sectional area of the biceps, where there was a significant undersizing of the structure, in the remaining 7 measurements a marked trend to oversize the structures was seen in both the first and second measurements, with a high statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasound is a useful method through which arthroscopic surgeons can identify structures. However, the marked trend to oversize structures compared to the reference values leads to think that the training courses and the daily practice are essential to improve the method.

Qutrit state engineering with biphotons.

The novel experimental realization of three-level optical quantum systems is presented. We use the polarization state of biphotons to generate a specific sequence of states that are used in the extended version of four-state QKD protocol quantum key distribution protocol. We experimentally verify the orthogonality of the basic states and demonstrate the ability to easily switch between them. The tomography procedure is employed to reconstruct the density matrices of generated states.

Lesiones específicas del hombro del deportista / Shoulder specifics injuries in athletes

Las lesiones del hombro producidas por la práctica deportiva han aumentado en los últimos años, ello ha originado la descripción de nuevas patologías, estudiamos en este trabajo algunas de ellas. El síndrome subacromial ha pasado de ser una patología estática a concebirse como un problema funcional, que puede producirse por solicitaciones repetidas en rotación externa y elevación, se ha descrito una patología específica de la inserción del tendón del bíceps (lesiones SLAP), y en el fondo de todas estas lesiones puede existir una inestabilidad subclínica, que deberemos reconocer. La articulación acromioclavicular puede afectarse también y existen también lesiones neurológicas de vecindad. Damos pautas para el diagnóstico y orientación terapéutica de todas ellas. (AU)