ABSTRACT
It is very important to develop a process for selectively extracting Zr(IV) ions from the solution medium to produce zirconium metal used in industry and nuclear reactors. In this study, the parameters affecting the extraction of Zr(IV) ions were investigated using a multidropped liquid membrane (MDLM) system. Trioctyl amine (TOA) dissolved in kerosene was used as a carrier ligand in the extraction of Zr(IV) ions by the MDLM technique. The effect of carrier concentration and stripping solution concentration, pH, and the temperature in the donor phase on the transport of Zr(IV) were investigated. The optimum condition for the transportation of Zr(IV) was a 0.50 M H2SO4 solution as donor phase, 0.10 molL-1 TOA as a carrier, and 0.10 M Na2CO3 as acceptor phase. The transport percentage of Zr(IV) was increased up to >99% and the calculated activation energy which is 6.36 kcal mol-1 indicated that the process was diffusion controlled by Zr(IV) ions. The results showed that the MDLM system, which resembles a bulky membrane system in shape, is a promising technique for the extraction of Zr(IV) ions from an acidic solution. It is more practical and effective than bulk, supported, or inclusion, and emulsion liquid membrane techniques.
ABSTRACT
The most frequent autoimmune complication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). There are various treatment modalities; however, there is not much experience with the use of the chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in the autoimmune complications of CLL. Here, we present our patient with CLL and AIHA whose AIHA was unresponsive to various treatment modalities. The administration of 375 mg/m(2)/day rituximab weekly for four cycles halted hemolysis and resulted in resolution of the patient's anemia. One year after therapy, the patient is well with a normal blood count. Rituximab might be preferred over other treatment modalities in the autoimmune complications of CLL because it is effective and has fewer side effects than other therapies.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/complications , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications , Aged , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Rituximab , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In the novel transition metal isothiocyanate complex of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (hydet-en) with copper, [Cu(NCS)2(C4H12N2O)], the Cu atom lies in a distorted square-pyramidal environment, coordinated by four N atoms in the basal plane and an apical O atom. The hydet-en ligand is N,N,O-tridentate, in contrast to the disposition in previously studied complexes, while the isothiocyanate ions act as N-atom donor ligands. The monomeric units are linked to one another by hydrogen bonds.
ABSTRACT
In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2](C7H4NO3S)2.4H2O or [Ni(pia)2(H2O)2](sac)2.4H2O (pia is picolinamide or pyridine-2-carboxamide, and sac is the saccharinate anion), the Ni2+ cation, located on a centre of symmetry, is coordinated by two symmetry-related aqua ligands together with a pair of symmetry-related bidentate pia molecules and exhibits a distorted octahedral environment. The unique unligated sac anion in the asymmetric unit resides on a general position and has a single negative charge. The coordinated water molecules link the sac ions to the metal complex via O-H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, the sac ions are linked to the metal complex via intermolecular pi-pi interactions between the benzene ring of the sac ion and the pyridine ring of a pia ligand. Each uncoordinated water molecule is hydrogen bonded to sac moieties through O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds.
