ABSTRACT
For the first time, an NAD+-type earth-abundant metal complex [Zn(pbn)2(H2O)](ClO4)2 (1) was found to exhibit photo-induced oxidizing ability to convert various primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehyde and ketone compounds. In addition, a two-electron-reduced Zn(II) complex [Zn(pbnH-pbnH)(ClO4)2] (1red) comprising the novel C-C coupling ligand, obtained by the photo-induced oxidation of alcohols by 1, was successfully isolated and completely characterized. We clarified that the photochemical oxidation of alcohols by 1 to produce 1red proceeds via an electron transfer followed by proton transfer mechanism as elucidated by kinetic analysis on the basis of absorption spectroscopic measurements.
ABSTRACT
The duration of a negative emotional experience is associated with delayed cardiovascular recovery. Cognitive appraisal is thought to play an important role in cutting off these responses, which are related to cardiovascular disease. This study examined the influence of cognitive appraisal on the duration of negative emotional experiences and cardiovascular responses. Before a speech task, participants were told that their performance would be evaluated by means of a video camera and that they would be given the score at the end of the experiment. To manipulate cognitive appraisal, participants were randomly assigned to a group that received one of three instructions following the speech task. The "non-threat" group was informed that there was no evaluation or feedback about the score; the "threat" group received that there were some obscurities in their speech and some questions were given while comparing with the video; the control group was given no instructions. After receiving their respective instructions, all groups were monitored for a post-task period of five minutes. The results showed that the "non-threat" group experienced a decreased negative emotional experience and had a speedy recovery for blood pressure, through the intermediary of a greater decline in total peripheral resistance, than the other groups in the post-task period. These results were discussed in connection with the function of cognitive reappraisal.
