ABSTRACT
Several hundred different microbial taxa have made the oral cavity their home because of their evolution in multiple species communities within the special ecosystem. On the other hand, the dental pulp or internal tissue of the tooth is a connective tissue that is physiologically sterile and where any microbial infiltration is a harmful indication. It causes the pulp tissue to become inflamed, which leads to the death of the pulp and diffuses infection with inflammation to the peri-radicular tissues. Comprehending the biology of biofilms, the microbial makeup, and the host's reaction to infections in the pathobiology of root canal infections has received a lot of attention throughout the last few decades. Such comprehensive knowledge is required to design preventive medicines as well as clinically effective treatment regimens. Surprisingly, clinical approaches have concentrated more on radiographically perfecting channel preparation than on debridement of these intricate root canal systems, despite the clear realization that root canal infections are biofilm mediated. Since the present comprehension of the microbial etiopathogenesis of apical periodontitis highlights the significance of focusing on procedures such as "canal cleaning" and chemo-mechanical disinfection, the exclusive purpose of endodontic therapy is mainly missed while discussing "canal shaping." We thoroughly examine the state of our knowledge of the composition and functional traits of the root canal microbiome in this review. We also go into the difficulties with root canal disinfection and the cutting-edge approaches that try to solve these difficulties. In conclusion, we present essential guidance for prospective research areas, underscoring their significance as crucial considerations in the field of frontiers in oral health.
ABSTRACT
In addition to helping with wound healing, periapical surgery is performed to remove periapical disease. Concentrates of platelets have been applied extensively in endodontics and other fields of regenerative medicine. A periapical inflammatory lesion was found in a 35-year-old male patient who complained of pain in the maxillary anterior region and displayed slight edema in the same area. The lesion was treated with periapical surgery utilizing advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). Mesenchymal stem cell processes of proliferation and differentiation can be induced by several types of platelet concentrates. Growth factors are released at the application site by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for a minimum of seven days. The activity of osteoblasts is stimulated by growth factors and secreted cytokines. Furthermore, the release of growth factors promotes fibroblast migration, which quickens tissue regeneration. In addition to helping with wound healing, periapical surgery is performed to remove periapical disease. The synthesis of fibrin networks laden with platelets and growth factors is made possible by PRF, which is subsequently used to accelerate bone regeneration and, consequently, to improve bone formation. In this instance, the best possible bone regeneration and repair were accomplished. After 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 36 weeks, the patient was brought back for follow-ups. He was found to be asymptomatic, and the radiograph showed considerable periapical healing with nearly enough bone production.
ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02292.].
ABSTRACT
Gas holdup (εg) and power correlations in gas-liquid (G-L) systems, apart from the physicochemical properties of the liquid phase, are dependent on impeller-sparger-vessel geometry. To date, reported correlations do not specifically address this issue, and it must be investigated with a unified approach. Here, we propose a correlation via the use of a normalized εg that involves the impeller-sparger system geometry for a vessel of standard geometry expressed as a function of an easily measurable and independent operational parameter, that is, (1 - P g/P l), where P g/P l is the gassed to ungassed power ratio. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that P g/P l can be used as a tool for the identification of hydrodynamic regimes. Radial and axial impellers with ring spargers were used in a stirred and sparged contactor (SSTC) of 0.25 m diameter containing 1 × 10-2 m3 water. The oxygen flowrate (Q g) was varied from 2.5 to 40 LPM or (4.17 to 66.7) × 10-5 m3 s-1, and the agitation intensity (N 0) was varied from 1.67 to 50 rps at the temperature (θ) = 313 K under atmospheric pressure. This novel correlation is easy to use, offers reasonable precision, and can serve as a valuable alternative to more complex correlation models.
