Catalase and sodium fluoride mediated rehabilitation of enamel bleached with 37% hydrogen peroxide.

BACKGROUND: Bleaching agents bring about a range of unwanted changes in the physical structure of enamel which needs to be restored qualitatively and timely. Catalase being an antioxidant ensures the effective removal of free radicals and improvement in fluoride mediated remineralization from the enamel microstructure which if retained may harm the integrity and affect the hardness of enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted incisors were sectioned to 6 slabs which were divided into 5 groups: Group A, control; Group B, treatment with 37% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group C, treatment with 37% HP and catalase, Group D, treatment with 37% HP and 5% sodium fluoride application, Group E, treatment with 37% HP followed by catalase and 5% sodium fluoride. Scanning electron microscope and microhardness analysis were done for all slabs. One-way ANOVA test was applied among different groups. RESULTS: Vicker's microhardness number (VHN) of Group B and C was significantly lower. No significant difference between VHN of Group B and C. VHN of Group D was significantly higher than Group A, B, and C; but significantly lower than Group E. VHN of Group E was significantly higher than any other experimental group. One-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant P value (P = 0.0001) and so Tukey's post-hoc Test for the group comparisons was employed. CONCLUSION: Subsequent treatment of bleached enamel with catalase and fluoride varnish separately results in repairing and significantly increasing the microhardness.

Effect of Catalase and Sodium Fluoride on Human Enamel bleached with 35% Carbamide Peroxide.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of postbleaching antioxidant application fluoridation treatment on the surface morphology and microhardness of human enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were cut at cementoenamel junction. Crown portion was sectioned into six slabs which were divided into five groups: group A - untreated controls; group B - 35% carbamide peroxide (CP); group C - 35% CP and catalase; group D - treatment with 35% CP and 5% sodium fluoride; group E - 35% CP, catalase and 5% sodium fluoride. Thirty-five percent carbamide peroxide application included two applications of 30 minutes each at a 5-day interval. After treatment, the slabs were thoroughly washed with water for 10 seconds and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C until the next treatment. Two percent sodium fluoride included application for 5 minutes. Three catalase included application for 3 minutes. RESULTS: After 5 days, groups B and C showed significantly decreased enamel microhardness compared to control. Group D specimens showed relatively less reduction in enamel micro-hardness than group C specimens. There is a marked increase in enamel microhardness in group E specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride take up was comparatively enhanced after catalase application resulting in less demineralization and increased microhardness. How to cite this article: Thakur R, Shigli AL, Sharma DS, Thakur G. Effect of Catalase and Sodium Fluoride on Human Enamel bleached with 35% Carbamide Peroxide. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):12-17.

Juvenile obsessive compulsive disorder in a paediatric dentistry set-up.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder comprising uncontrollable thought processes and repetitive, ritualised behaviours that one feels compelled to perform. If an individual has OCD, he/she probably realises that his/her obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours are irrational but would still feel unable to resist them. Since a pedodontist's association with the child patient and parents is established at quite an early age, they should make good use of the opportunity to diagnose psychological disorders in child patients as well as adolescents. Prompt diagnosis in such cases would enable timely medical intervention and hence help in achieving a more cooperative dental patient to ensure instillation of a positive dental attitude. This endeavour highlights a case of a 10-year-old boy who had reported to a private dental set-up with dental problems and was concurrently diagnosed for OCD.

Does Topical Application of Placental Extract Gel on Postoperative Fibrotomy Wound Improve Mouth Opening and Wound Healing in Patients With Oral Submucous Fibrosis?

PURPOSE: Placental extract has been used as a therapeutic agent with application in various fields of medicine. Placental extract is well known for its effects on wound healing with anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and angiogenic effects and is also a biogenic modulator. The present study evaluated the effect of placental extract on wound healing, mouth opening, and postoperative patient discomfort in patients with oral submucous fibrosis treated with fibrotomy with buccal fat pad coverage and coronoidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten subjects with oral submucous fibrosis who presented with mouth opening less than 20 mm were enrolled in the present prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of placental extract on the fibrotomy wound covered with a pedicled buccal pad fat (5 patients allocated to the study group, group S and 5 to the control group, group C). The following criteria were used to analyze the postoperative effect of placental extract on fibrotomy wounds compared with that of the controls: subjective assessment of the wound, postoperative discomfort, and postoperative mouth opening assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The average difference in the preoperative and fourth week postoperative mouth opening for group C was 13.8 ± 2.68 mm and was 21.20 ± 2.77 mm in group S. The median calculated for group C was a 15.0-mm increase in mouth opening and was 20.0 mm in group S. CONCLUSION: The results obtained with topical application of placental extract on fibrotomy wound healing and postoperative mouth opening were superior to those of the control group in whom placental extract was not used.

Posterior auricular approach for decompression and drainage of superficial temporal space infections of odontogenic origin.

Involvement of superficial temporal space secondary to odontogenic infections of the maxillary and mandibular teeth is not uncommon. Usually, infections of the temporal space are drained via temporal approach. Authors propose a new approach for decompression and drainage of superficial temporal space which offers an advantage of dependent drainage and hidden scar.

Schwannoma in masquerade.

Neurilemmoma is a rare nerve tumor seldom included in the list of differential diagnosis of soft tissue swelling in maxillofacial region. Arrival at a clinical diagnosis of schwannomas is rarely possible as there are hardly any characteristic clinical features to help in its and it is mostly established by histopathologic examination. We report an interesting case which had presentations similar to a sebaceous cyst but finally turned out to be a schwannomma.

Awl versus intravenous cannula stillete in circummandibular wiring-a prospective comparative study.

PURPOSE: The management of paediatric mandibular fractures using an acrylic splint is a time-tested procedure. Traditionally, an awl is used to place wires to secure such splints. In this article, we have designed prospective study to compare a new technique of using intravenous cannula stillete (IVCS) as against conventional awl in placement of the circummandibular wires. METHODS: A total of 45 patients were included in the study. Group I included 22 subjects in whom an awl was used, and group II included 23 subjects in whom IVCS was used for placement of circummandibular wires. Parameters such as post-operative pain, swelling and ease of penetration, size of entry and exit wound and injury to adjacent structures were compared. RESULTS: Statistically significant reduction in post-operative pain and swelling were noticed in groupie. The operating surgeons experienced greater ease in using IVCS, and the size of the entry and exit wounds were also relatively small as compared to using an awl. CONCLUSION: The IVCS, which is disposable, having finer diameter, a sharp bevel and internal wire carrying capacity, clearly demonstrates statistically significant advantages over the usage of a conventional awl.

Osteoid osteoma of mandible.

Osteomas are benign, slow-growing osteogenic tumours rarely occurring in the craniofacial bones. Osteomas are characterised by the proliferation of compact and/or cancellous bone. It can be of a central, peripheral, or extra skeletal type. The peripheral type arises from the periosteum and is rarely seen in the mandible. The lingual surface and lower border of the body are the most common locations of these lesions. They are usually asymptomatic and can be discovered in routine clinical and radiographic examination. In this paper, the authors present a large solitary peripheral osteoma located in the inferior surface of the left angle of mandible and causing facial deformity in a 14-year-old boy. Radiographic examination by diagnostic radiographs revealed mixed appearance (radiopaque- radiolucent), well-circumscribed, pedunculated mass approximately 3.5 cm in size. The osteoma was removed surgically, and no recurrence has been observed.

Binder's syndrome.

Binder syndrome or maxillonasal dysplasia is an uncommon developmental anomaly affecting primarily the anterior part of the maxilla and nasal complex. The characteristic findings are a failure of development in the premaxillary area with associated deformities of the nasal skeleton and the overlying soft tissues. Affected individuals typically have an unusually flat, underdeveloped midface (midfacial hypoplasia), with an abnormally short nose and flat nasal bridge, underdeveloped upper jaw, relatively protruding lower jaw and/or a 'reverse overbite' (or class III malocclusion). A 16-year-old female reported to clinic with chief complaint of facial deformity, on examination patient had classical feature of maxillonasal dysplasia. A brief review of the condition and the proposed multi-disciplinary treatment plan is discussed.

Dentigerous cyst associated with ectopic maxillary third molar in maxillary antrum.

The treatment of ectopic maxillary tooth is surgical removal via a Caldwell-Luc procedure. Trans-nasal extraction of tooth may be attempted if the tooth is small and sited near the maxillary antrum. It is also mandatory to completely remove all pathological antral tissue and thoroughly assess all resected soft tissue histologically. This is important as certain antral pathologies such as dentigerous cyst, as in this case, may co-exist with an ectopic molar. It is thus important to follow-up such patients. In the absence of any unusual histology, surgery provides the patient with a definitive cure of his symptoms.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma of the maxilla.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF), is a rare fibro-osseous neoplasm that arises within the craniofacial bones in individuals under 15 years of age. The term is used in the literature to describe two distinct histopathologic variants of ossifying fibroma of the craniofacial skeleton. It was described as a cellular and aggressive form of ossifying fibroma usually affecting children as 'the lesion proliferates, grows, invades and destroys tissue until the eyes are extruded and the cerebrospinal space is entered'. In the present case, because the lesion was well circumscribed and it was non-infiltrating into the adjacent bone and causing cosmetic and functional problems, surgical excision of the tumour mass was performed. A satisfactory facial appearance and an optimal restoration of function were achieved after the surgical procedure. After 3 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence.

Accessory mental foramen: a rare anatomical finding.

Accessory mental foramen (AMF) is a rare anatomical variation with a prevalence ranging from 1.4 to 10%. Even so, in order to avoid neurovascular complications, particular attention should be paid to the possible occurrence of one or more AMF during surgical procedures involving the mandible. Careful surgical dissection should be performed in the region so that the presence of AMF can be detected and the occurrence of a neurosensory disturbance or haemorrhage can be avoided. Although this anatomical variation is rare, it should be kept in mind that an AMF may exist. Trigeminal neuralgia was diagnosed. On the basis of diagnostic test results, peripheral neurectomy of mental nerve was planned. Failure to do neurectomy of mental nerve branch in the reported case, coming out from AMF, would have resulted in recurrence of pain and eventually failure of the procedure.

Surface analysis of indigenous stainless steel miniplates used in facial fractures.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The stainless steel (SS) implants are economical and easily available. Tissue reaction due corrosion of metallic plates and release of metal particles in surrounding soft tissues is the main reason put forward by advocates of removal of SS miniplates after period of fracture healing. The objectives of this study were to examine the surfaces changes and corrosion in relation to indigenously manufactured SS mini-plates, both due to intraoperative instrumentation and tissue reaction. The composition of these mini-plates and any metal release in surrounding soft tissues was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total ten plates retrieved from fracture sites, after a period of 4-12 months (mean 8 months), were studied with the help of scanning electron microscope for roughness and corrosive changes. EDX study was done to know the composition of plates and metal release from the plates. RESULTS: Our study found the above parameters were comparable to previously reported studies in the international journals CONCLUSION: Though no major corrosion and tissue reaction was observed in this study a long term study will be required for absolute recommendation regarding necessity of removal of indigenous SS plates on regular basis.