ABSTRACT
Food loss and waste have become an issue of global significance, considering their concurrent effects on the socioeconomic and environmental facet of society. Despite this domain gaining prolific attention recently, issues hampering the effective utilization of residues from fish processing usually go unidentified in developing economies such as India. This occurs mainly owing to fragmented supply chains, inappropriate handling, discontinuous cold chains, inadequate temperature monitoring and so on, affecting quality and causing underuse. Any researcher trying to understand the prospects of utilizing these fish processing co-streams in a developing economy with the vision of improving consumption, economic sustainability, reducing discards and promoting circularity faces a lacuna. The authors address this demand in research by identifying the validity of this domain both in the global and native research community by conducting a detailed review using bibliometric analysis and content analysis. Data from Scopus with 717 documents, comprising 612 research articles from 78 countries, 1597 organizations and 2587 authors, are analysed. Results signify (i) developing a focus on hydroxyapatite production, bio-methane generation, transesterification processes, biomass and the rest raw material generated from fish processing, and (ii) reduced research on supply chain-related aspects despite their considerable importance. To comprehend this deficiency, especially in the Indian stance, barriers hindering the utilization of generated by-products are identified, and recommendations for improvements are proposed. The results will provide the struts for a circular and sustainable supply chain for processed seafood in developing economies.
Subject(s)
Waste Management , Food , IndiaABSTRACT
Animal-based food supply chains lead to significant environmental impacts, which can be influenced by production systems, distribution networks and consumption patterns. To develop strategy aimed at reducing the environmental impact of animal-based food supply chains, the common environmental hotspots among different types of food, the role of transport logistics and the consequence of end market need to be better understood. Life cycle assessment was adopted to model three types of animal-based food chains (beef, butter and salmon), with specific technologies, high spatial-resolution logistics and typical consumption patterns for three markets: local, regional (intra-European) and international. The results confirmed that the farm production stage usually had the greatest environmental impact, except when air transport was used for distribution. Potentially, the role of end market also can significantly influence the environmental impacts. To understand more, three improvement options were examined in detail with regard to hotspots for climate change: novel feed ingredients (farm production stage), sustainable aviation fuel (transport and logistics stage) and reduction of wasted food (consumption and end of life stage). Significant reduction was achieved in the salmon system by sustainable aviation fuel (64%) and novel feed (15%). Minimizing food waste drove the greatest reduction in the beef supply chain (23%) and the international butter supply chain can reduce 50% of GHG mission by adopting sustainable aviation fuel. Combined interventions could reduce GHG emission of animal-based food supply chains by 15% to 82%, depending on market, transport and food waste behaviour. The results show that eco-efficiency information of animal-based foods should include the full supply chain. The effective mitigation strategy to achieve the greatest reduction should not only consider the impacts on-farm, but also detail of the downstream impacts, such as food distribution network and consumption patterns.
