Hip fractures in elderly patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: Outcomes in a Southeast Asian population.

ABSTRACT: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes bone and mineral disorders and alterations in vitamin D metabolism that contribute to greater skeletal fragility. Hip fracture in elderly is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of elderly patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD and hip fracture undergoing surgery.Retrospective study with IRB approval of patients above 65 years of age, with hip fractures admitted between June 2014 to June 2016 in a Southeast Asian cohort. Data collected included demographic variables and the haematological and biochemical parameters HBA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum calcium, phosphorous, and 25(OH) Vitamin D. Co-morbidities investigated were ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebro vascular accident, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. All patients were followed up from index date to either death or June 1, 2018.Of the 883 patients, 725 underwent surgery and 334 had CKD. Death rates for CKD patients with hip fractures and those with normal renal function did not differ significantly [8.08% vs 6.54%, (HR= 1.33, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.86; P = .102)], whilst median hospital length of stay was significantly higher in CKD patients [10.5 vs 9.03 days (P = .003)]. Significant risk factors associated with higher risk of mortality in the elderly with hip fracture were male gender, age ≥80 years and serum albumin < 30 g/L (all, P < .0001).In summary, in elderly, non-dialysis dependent CKD patient with hip fracture we found that male gender, age ≥80 years, low serum albumin and eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with higher risk of death. The hospital stay in the CKD group was also longer. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings.

All-Inside Lateral Meniscal Repair via Anterolateral Portal Increases Risk of Vascular Injury: A Cadaveric Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the distance from the device tip to the neurovascular structures during an all-inside medial and lateral meniscal repair using anteromedial and anterolateral portals in a fresh-frozen cadaveric study. METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were studied. The popliteal artery, popliteal vein, and tibial nerve were identified after dissection via a posterior approach. An all-inside meniscal repair device was set to a 20-mm depth limit and inserted into a fixed point in the posterior horn at the meniscocapsular junction. This was performed for medial and lateral menisci via anteromedial and anterolateral arthroscopic portals. The distances between the device tip and the neurovascular structures were measured. We performed t tests to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The distance between the device and popliteal artery was significantly closer when aimed at the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus via the anterolateral portal (4.7 ± 2.3 mm) versus the anteromedial portal (13.0 ± 8.0 mm, P = .010). The distance to the popliteal vein was closer via the anterolateral portal (6.7 ± 2.9 mm) versus the anteromedial portal (13.9 ± 5.8 mm, P = .004). For medial meniscal repair, the distance to the popliteal artery was significantly closer via the anteromedial portal (12.8 ± 11.3 mm) versus the anterolateral portal (23.8 ± 7.7 mm, P = .022). The distance to the popliteal vein was closer via the anteromedial portal (16.5 ± 11.3 mm) versus the anterolateral portal (28.3 ± 8.2 mm, P = .017). No significant difference was found in the distance to the tibial nerve when aimed at either meniscus via either portal. CONCLUSION: For all-inside meniscal repair, the popliteal vein is at risk and the popliteal artery is at high risk of injury when the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is repaired via an anterolateral working portal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The popliteal artery and vein are at risk of injury when the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus undergoes all-inside repair via the anterolateral portal. Surgeons need to be aware of the risks when performing this repair.

Cement Augmentation of Dynamic Hip Screw to Prevent Screw Cut Out in Osteoporotic Patients with Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Case Series.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe a method of inserting cement in the femoral head before fixation with dynamic hip screw to prevent screw cut out due to osteoporosis and to evaluate its clinical outcome in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 30 patients aged 60 years and older with intertrochanteric fracture were included. Bone mineral density was measured. After reaming of the femoral head and neck with a triple reamer and polymethyl methacrylate, bone cement was introduced into the femoral head using a customized nozzle and a barrel fitted on a cement gun. A Richard screw was inserted and the plate was fixed over the femoral shaft. Patients were mobilized and clinical outcomes were rated using the Salvati and Wilson's scoring system. RESULTS: More patients included in this study were between 66 and 70 years old than any other age group. The most common fracture according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification was type 31A2.2 (46.7%). The T-score was found to be -2.506±0.22 (mean±standard deviation); all patients were within the range of -2.0 to -2.8. The duration of radiological union was 13.67±1.77 weeks. Salvati and Wilson's scoring at 12 months of follow up was 30.96±4.97. The majority of patients were able to perform their normal routine activities; none experienced implant failure or screw cut out. CONCLUSION: Bone cement augmentation may effectively prevent osteoporosis-related hardware complications like screw cut out in elderly patients experiencing intertrochanteric fractures.

Results of neurolysis in established upper limb Volkmann's ischemic contracture.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of established cases of Volkmann's ischemic contracture (VIC) of upper limb is very tedious. Since the period of Volkmann, various experimental works are being performed for its treatment, but none are effective. Disabilities from nerve palsy and hand muscle paralysis are more problematic than any other deformity in VIC. To solve these problems, we conducted a study to see the result of neurolysis of median and ulnar nerve and their subcutaneous placement in established cases of VIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve cases of established VIC operated between July 2007 and August 2010 with complete records and followup were included in the study. VIC of lower limb and contracture of nonischemic etiology were excluded from the study. Their evaluation was done by the British Medical Research Council grading system for sensory and motor recovery. Followup was done for an average period of 24.3 months (range 15-30 months) (the average age was 8.3 years). RESULTS: To study the results, we divided the cases into two series. One group consisted of cases which were operated within 6 months from onset of VIC. The second group consisted of cases which were operated after 6 months from onset of VIC. Our results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups operated, though both had significant improvement in motor and sensory recovery in both median and ulnar nerve distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Neurolysis of the nerves definitely improved the outcome for motor and sensory components of median and ulnar nerves but the timing of the surgery did not play a role in the outcome contrary to the clinical assumption. This study can serve as a template and further such studies could help us find the answer to a long standing issue.