ABSTRACT
Dengue virus (DENV) is considered to be the most important arthropod-borne viral disease and causes more than 100 million human infections annually. To further characterize primary DENV infection in vivo, rhesus macaques were infected with DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, or DENV-4 and clinical parameters, as well as specificity and longevity of serologic responses, were assessed. Overt clinical symptoms were not present after infection. However, abnormalities in blood biochemical parameters consistent with heart, kidney, and liver damage were observed, and changes in plasma fibrinogen, D-dimers, and protein C indicated systemic activation of the blood coagulation pathway. Significant homotypic and heterotypic serum immunoglobulins were present in all animals, and IgG persisted for at least 390 days. Serum neutralizing antibody responses were highly serotype specific by day 120. However, some heterotypic neutralizing activity was noted in infected animals. Identification of serotype-specific host responses may help elucidate mechanisms that mediate severe DENV disease after reinfection.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cytokines/blood , Dengue/virology , Female , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis , Fibrinogen/analysis , Hematologic Tests , Humans , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Macaca mulatta , Male , Protein C/analysis , RNA, Viral/genetics , Severe Dengue/immunology , Severe Dengue/virology , Species Specificity , Vero CellsABSTRACT
To determine seroprevalence of viruses in bats in Papua New Guinea, we sampled 66 bats at 3 locations. We found a seroprevalence of 55% for henipavirus (Hendra or Nipah virus) and 56% for rubulavirus (Tioman or Menangle virus). Notably, 36% of bats surveyed contained antibodies to both types of viruses, indicating concurrent or consecutive infection.
Subject(s)
Chiroptera/virology , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Henipavirus Infections/veterinary , Henipavirus/classification , Rubulavirus Infections/veterinary , Rubulavirus/classification , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chiroptera/blood , Chiroptera/immunology , Henipavirus/isolation & purification , Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papua New Guinea/epidemiology , Rubulavirus/isolation & purification , Rubulavirus Infections/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
This report describes the discovery and characterization of a new fusogenic orthoreovirus, Broome virus (BroV), isolated from a little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus). The BroV genome consists of 10 dsRNA segments, each having a 3' terminal pentanucleotide sequence conserved amongst all members of the genus Orthoreovirus, and a unique 5' terminal pentanucleotide sequence. The smallest genome segment is bicistronic and encodes two small nonstructural proteins, one of which is a novel fusion associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein responsible for syncytium formation, but no cell attachment protein. The low amino acid sequence identity between BroV proteins and those of other orthoreoviruses (13-50%), combined with phylogenetic analyses of structural and nonstructural proteins provide evidence to support the classification of BroV in a new sixth species group within the genus Orthoreovirus.
