Safety risk assessment in construction projects at Hasanuddin University.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess risk of occupational safety and health in one of construction projects at Hasanuddin University. METHODS: The research is a descriptive study with an observational approach. The sample in this study were all employees of Construction Projects in Hasanuddin University amounting 80 samples drawn using a purposive sampling method. The data analyzed using AS/NZS 4360 Risk Management Form. RESULT: It was found that the types of activities that have an extreme level of risk are eyes exposed to sparks, feet being trampled or punctured by pieces of iron, electrocuted or shorted when using electricity in cutting tools, and exposed to paint or thinner so that breathing is disturbed and skin irritation with a value of each risk level 16. While the activities that have the highest extreme risk level with a risk level value of 20 are the roof frame collapsed and fell when installed. CONCLUSIONS: The highest risk is roof truss installation work with the risk of the roof frame collapsing and falling during the installation.

Musculoskeletal disorders problems and its relation to age, working periods, and smoking habit among fishermen.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we conducted a research to determine the relationship between ages, working period, and smoking habit with the musculoskeletal disorder in fishermen. METHOD: This type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. The population in this study totaled 224 people with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. RESULTS: The result showed that the age variable has p=0.658 and the smoking habit has p=1.000, this indicates that age and smoking habit variables do not have a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. Meanwhile, the working period variable has a result of p=0.015, it can be said that the work period has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSION: The respondents who were quite old were still fit for work and did not have as many musculoskeletal complaints as they should be for their age. Likewise with the smoking habit of fishermen who are more enthusiastic and motivated to work. Meanwhile, the work period has more influence on the complaints of musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen.

The determinant of work stress on bank employees in Makassar, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with work stress on employees at the BNI Makassar Branch Office. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional research design. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The data were processed using the SPSS program, the results of which were presented in tables and narrative form. RESULT: The results showed that the variable work stress relationship with the workload and gender variables of the employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Office. And there is no stress on the work relationship with the variables of marital status, years of service, and length of work for employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Branch Office. CONCLUSION: Workload and gender have a significant relationship with work stress. The suggestions for minimizing the level of work stress with stress management.

Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health (environmental health perspective): A case in Spermonde islands, Makassar Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to generate a clean water vulnerability model based on exogenous variables: accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability to support the quality of public health in Spermonde island. METHODS: This research was conducted in three islands (Spermonde), namely Lae-Lae, Barang Caddi, and Lumu-Lumu. The research design is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The 212 respondents were obtained using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was employed to interview respondents related to the level of environmental vulnerability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS: The study found some variables are not statistically significant associated with water vulnerability such as accessibility to occupancy density (P=0.095), socio-economic to occupancy density (P=0.991), accessibility to water vulnerability (P=0.383), socio-economic against water vulnerability (P=0.417), occupancy density for water vulnerability (P<0.01). In contrast, behavior to occupancy density (P=0.002), behavior towards water vulnerability (P=below 0.01) have a significant association. CONCLUSION: Community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors associated with the vulnerability of clean water on the small spermonde islands. Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved.

Risk Perception of COVID-19 in Indonesia During the First Stage of the Pandemic.

Community perceptions of early-stage pandemics may have significant implications for subsequent disease control and management. Perceptions of COVID-19 among Indonesian citizens were assessed 2 months after the first reported case in the country. The study used an online survey tool, which was adapted from a standardized questionnaire for risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak. The questions of the survey involved respondents' perceived level of knowledge, preparedness, efficacy of control measures, newness, infectiousness, seriousness, motivating and hindering factors, and effectiveness of prevention methods, as well as questions that assessed actual level of knowledge of respondents such as causative agents, modes of transmission, number of total cases, and available control measures. A total of 1,043 respondents participated in this study. The main sources of information of respondents were social media (85.2%) and online news (82.2%). Nearly all respondents were aware that COVID-19 is a viral disease with saliva droplets (97.1%) and contaminated surfaces (86.5%) being its main modes of transmission. Participants showed a good level of knowledge pertaining to control measures, an adequate level of belief toward their efficacy, and a willingness to implement such measures. More than 95% of the respondents perceived COVID-19 to be either serious or very serious. However, the level of anxiety among respondents was moderate, suggesting the presence of risk tolerance in the community. Individual characteristics such as gender, educational background, and occupation were found to have a statistically significant relationship with risk perception and tolerance, but voluntary participation in control measures was high and similar. This indicates that the COVID-19 health campaign during early pandemic in Indonesia was a success. This research also revealed certain areas where health promotion, education, and awareness might be improved.

Bacteria contamination analysis on the hands and bowls of meatball cart vendors: an observational descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls. METHOD: This is a descriptive study with an observational approach. Thirty mobile meatball vendors were recruited as participants. Therefore, the bacterias from bowls and hands were taken by swab sampling. The number of bacterias were obtained using total plate count method by means of nutrient agar. Bacteria types were identified using Gram staining method and bacteria assay. RESULTS: The hands and bowls swab samples were positive for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in all cases. These microorganisms include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aglomereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Serratia rubidaea, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: Some types of bacterias were present in cart meatball bowls and the sellers' hands. This phenomenon is affiliated with the emergence of food-borne diseases for the consumers.

Relation of body mass index and work posture to musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we researched to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and work posture/position with the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in fishermen. METHOD: This type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. There were 224 people as the population in this study with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. RESULTS: The result of the Chi-square test shows that the BMI variable has a p-value of p=0.848 where the p-value is p>0.05. This means BMI has no significant relationship with MSD. Meanwhile, the work posture/position variable has a p-value of p=0.000 where the p-value is p<0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship with MSD. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was not associated with MSD. This is possible because fishermen who have normal and abnormal BMI both have complaints of MSD. Meanwhile, work posture/position has a significant relationship with complaints of MSD in fishermen. This is because the posture of fishermen when working with tools when doing research looks very risky.

The effect of multiple role conflicts and work stress on the work performance of female employees.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of multiple role conflicts and work stress on the work performance of female employees at the BNI branch office in Makassar in 2020. METHOD: This type of research used an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted at the BNI Makassar Regional Office in 2020. RESULTS: The results showed that there was an effect of multiple role conflicts with employee performance, p-value=0.014 (p<0.05), there was no effect of job stress on employee performance, p-value=0.227 (p>0.05), and conflict variables. Multiple roles and job stress have a significant effect on female employee performance, p-value=0.048 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is an influence of dual role conflict and work stress on the work performance of female employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Office in 2020.

Bacteria contamination analysis on the hands and bowls of meatball cart vendors: an observational descriptive study

Objective: To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls. Method: This is a descriptive study with an observational approach. Thirty mobile meatball vendors were recruited as participants. Therefore, the bacterias from bowls and hands were taken by swab sampling. The number of bacterias were obtained using total plate count method by means of nutrient agar. Bacteria types were identified using Gram staining method and bacteria assay. Results: The hands and bowls swab samples were positive for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in all cases. These microorganisms include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aglomereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Serratia rubidaea, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions: Some types of bacterias were present in cart meatball bowls and the sellers’ hands. This phenomenon is affiliated with the emergence of food-borne diseases for the consumers. (AU)

Relation of body mass index and work posture to musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen

Objective: In this study, we researched to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and work posture/position with the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in fishermen. Method: This type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. There were 224 people as the population in this study with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. Results: The result of the Chi-square test shows that the BMI variable has a p-value of p = 0.848 where the p-value is p > 0.05. This means BMI has no significant relationship with MSD. Meanwhile, the work posture/position variable has a p-value of p = 0.000 where the p-value is p < 0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship with MSD. Conclusions: BMI was not associated with MSD. This is possible because fishermen who have normal and abnormal BMI both have complaints of MSD. Meanwhile, work posture/position has a significant relationship with complaints of MSD in fishermen. This is because the posture of fishermen when working with tools when doing research looks very risky. (AU)

The effect of multiple role conflicts and work stress on the work performance of female employees

Objective: To determine the effect of multiple role conflicts and work stress on the work performance of female employees at the BNI branch office in Makassar in 2020. Method: This type of research used an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted at the BNI Makassar Regional Office in 2020. Results: The results showed that there was an effect of multiple role conflicts with employee performance, p-value = 0.014 (p < 0.05), there was no effect of job stress on employee performance, p-value = 0.227 (p > 0.05), and conflict variables. Multiple roles and job stress have a significant effect on female employee performance, p-value = 0.048 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is an influence of dual role conflict and work stress on the work performance of female employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Office in 2020. (AU)

Safety risk assessment in construction projects at Hasanuddin University

Objective: This study aimed to assess risk of occupational safety and health in one of construction projects at Hasanuddin University. Methods: The research is a descriptive study with an observational approach. The sample in this study were all employees of Construction Projects in Hasanuddin University amounting 80 samples drawn using a purposive sampling method. The data analyzed using AS/NZS 4360 Risk Management Form. Result: It was found that the types of activities that have an extreme level of risk are eyes exposed to sparks, feet being trampled or punctured by pieces of iron, electrocuted or shorted when using electricity in cutting tools, and exposed to paint or thinner so that breathing is disturbed and skin irritation with a value of each risk level 16. While the activities that have the highest extreme risk level with a risk level value of 20 are the roof frame collapsed and fell when installed. Conclusions: The highest risk is roof truss installation work with the risk of the roof frame collapsing and falling during the installation. (AU)

Musculoskeletal disorders problems and its relation to age, working periods, and smoking habit among fishermen

Objective: In this study, we conducted a research to determine the relationship between ages, working period, and smoking habit with the musculoskeletal disorder in fishermen. Method: This type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. The population in this study totaled 224 people with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. Results: The result showed that the age variable has p = 0.658 and the smoking habit has p = 1.000, this indicates that age and smoking habit variables do not have a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. Meanwhile, the working period variable has a result of p = 0.015, it can be said that the work period has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: The respondents who were quite old were still fit for work and did not have as many musculoskeletal complaints as they should be for their age. Likewise with the smoking habit of fishermen who are more enthusiastic and motivated to work. Meanwhile, the work period has more influence on the complaints of musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen. (AU)

The determinant of work stress on bank employees in Makassar, Indonesia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with work stress on employees at the BNI Makassar Branch Office. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The data were processed using the SPSS program, the results of which were presented in tables and narrative form. Result: The results showed that the variable work stress relationship with the workload and gender variables of the employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Office. And there is no stress on the work relationship with the variables of marital status, years of service, and length of work for employees at the BNI Makassar Regional Branch Office. Conclusion: Workload and gender have a significant relationship with work stress. The suggestions for minimizing the level of work stress with stress management. (AU)

Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health (environmental health perspective): A case in Spermonde islands, Makassar Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to generate a clean water vulnerability model based on exogenous variables: accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability to support the quality of public health in Spermonde island. Methods: This research was conducted in three islands (Spermonde), namely Lae-Lae, Barang Caddi, and Lumu-Lumu. The research design is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The 212 respondents were obtained using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was employed to interview respondents related to the level of environmental vulnerability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The study found some variables are not statistically significant associated with water vulnerability such as accessibility to occupancy density (P = 0.095), socio-economic to occupancy density (P = 0.991), accessibility to water vulnerability (P = 0.383), socio-economic against water vulnerability (P = 0.417), occupancy density for water vulnerability (P < 0.01). In contrast, behavior to occupancy density (P = 0.002), behavior towards water vulnerability (P = below 0.01) have a significant association. Conclusion: Community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors associated with the vulnerability of clean water on the small spermonde islands. Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved. (AU)

Correlates of Work-Study Conflict among International Students in Australia: A Multivariate Analysis.

International students represent an increasingly large segment of the Australian workforce. Most international students are working while studying, but there is a scarcity of quantitative data regarding potential work-study conflicts. Data from an online survey were analyzed with multivariate statistical methods to clarify the risk factors associated with perceived work-study conflicts in an Australian university. More than 66% of students felt that working demands interfered with their study. Negative impacts included tiredness and timetable clashes. Statistically significant correlates of work-study conflict were a perception of unfair wages and a lack of confidence in discussing occupational health and safety issues with employers. Underpayment may signify other vulnerabilities, such as unsafe working conditions. As many universities seek to increase their international student enrolments, these are important factors to consider for student retention. To mitigate this potential negative influence on study, universities should provide education and training related to international students' rights and responsibilities in the workplace.

The Emerging Workforce of International University Student Workers: Injury Experience in an Australian University.

International university students are a growing section of the workforce and are thought to be at greater risk of injury. Qualitative studies have highlighted vulnerabilities, but there is a shortage of quantitative research exploring the injury experience and associated risk factors of this emerging issue. In this study, a total of 466 university student workers across a range of study programs in a single Australian university completed an online survey, with questions relating to their background, working experience, training and injury experience. Risk factors for injury were explored in a multivariate statistical model. More than half had not received any safety training before they started work, and 10% reported having had a work injury. About half of these injuries occurred after training. Statistically significant risk factors for injury included working more than 20 h per week (adjusted odds ratio 2.20 (95% CI 1.03-4.71) and lack of confidence in discussing safety issues (AOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.13-4.16). The findings suggest the need for a more engaging and effective approach to safety education and a limit on working hours. This situation is a moral challenge for universities, in that they are effectively sponsoring young workers in the community. It is recommended that longitudinal studies of international student workers be conducted.

Time trends and predictive factors for safety perceptions among incoming South Australian university students.

PROBLEM: Young workers are over-represented in injury statistics. In order to develop injury prevention strategies, this study investigated time trends and predictive factors relating to safety skills, confidence, and attitudes. METHOD: Annual surveys were conducted from 2006-2009 among incoming students at the University of Adelaide. The questions addressed safety training, injury experience, and health and safety perceptions. RESULTS: Time trends in training, perceived safety skills, confidence, and attitudes were not significant. In terms of skills and confidence, the most important correlate was safety training outside of high school (odds ratio=1.6), especially when repeated, assessed, or in face to face mode. Feeling strongly about safety issues was best predicted by injury experience (OR=1.7) and gender. DISCUSSION: These results emphasize the value of assessed training, but they are also consistent with published U.S. data, indicating no improvement over time. It is suggested that there be a more integrated approach in safety education, involving schools and workplaces. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By developing an understanding of student safety perceptions and experiences, this research aims to target strategies to reduce the excess injury rate for young workers. Workplaces should be more aware of the limitations of school-based safety education and a more integrated and evidence-based approach should be developed, involving schools and workplaces.