Lipid profile of population of central region of Nepal.

This study was conducted to know the status of Lipid profile in people of central region of Nepal. This study was conducted in College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal from February 2009 to March 2010 which is situated in central region of Nepal. A total of 870 cases, out of which 512(58.85%) male and 358(41.14%) female were included and study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry. The variables collected were age, sex, lipid profile which includes total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) & low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The data was analyzed using excel 2007 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0. The total mean±SD of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C were found to be 164.87±49.49, 157.56±79.78, 33.59±11.10, 97.79±40.68 respectively. Total Cholesterol, HDL-C & LDL-C were found to be statistically significant whereas TG was statistically insignificant between male and female. In both male and female, TG & LDL-C were higher in the age group of 21-40 years whereas HDL-C was higher in the age group of >61 years in both the group. Total cholesterol (TC) level was higher in the age group of 21-40 years in male while in female in the age group of 41-60 years. Desirable level of TC was observed in 78.50% of the total subjects while the normal TG, LDL-C were observed in 56.55%, 81.49%, respectively. Very high levels of TC, TG, LDL-C were observed in 4.94%, 0.34% & 1.6% of the total population studied, respectively. More percentage of female (27.65%) had higher HDL-C level than in male (15.62%). High triglycerides (TG) level is the commonest lipid abnormality in our study. HDL-C level was increase with increasing in age. Clinical evaluation can be made according to this study.

Liver dysfunction in alcoholics in Western Nepal.

To estimate liver function tests in patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis and to compare the levels of enzymes between the groups. A hospital based case control study was carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal from January 2013 to June 2013. A total of 150 alcoholic associated liver disorders patients aged between 20-70 years and 50 sex age matched normal healthy controls were taken to assess liver function tests (LFTs) by measuring Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) & Albumin. The mean±SD of liver function tests (LFTs) of patients of alcoholic fatty liver disease is highest followed by alcoholic hepatitis patients. All the 3 groups of alcoholic associated liver disorders patients when compared to normal healthy control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of AST (p<0.000), ALT (p<0.000), ALP (p<0.006), GGT (p<0.000), & Albumin (p<0.000). Liver function tests values for alcoholic associated liver disorders patients when compared to the healthy control subjects was significantly altered.

Assessment of biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to assess biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women having breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based case control study was carried out at Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, Nepal. The analysed variables were age, metabolic profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood sugar, insulin concentration, C-peptide, HbA1c and selenium. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. RESULTS: In premenopausal women, significant differences were noted for total cholesterol (P value <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.002), HbA1c level (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value 0.030), C-peptide concentration (P value 0.001), and selenium (P value <0.001) between cases and controls. Insignificant results were found for HDL-C (P value 0.749), LDL-C (P value 0.933), blood sugar (P value 0.59) and BMI (P value 0.746). Similarly, significant difference in total cholesterol (P value <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.001), LDL-C (P value <0.001), HDL-C (P value 0.025), blood sugar (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value <0.001), c-peptide concentration (P value <0.001), HbA1c level (P value <0.001) and selenium (P value <0.001) were observed for postmenopausal patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing metabolic changes and their management may be important for control of breast cancer and increased survival.

Comparison of lipid profile in type-2 obese diabetics and obese non-diabetic individuals. a hospital based study from Western Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and risk of coronary disease is three to four fold increased in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetic population and 60-80% 0f type-2 diabetics are obese. METHODS: This study was conducted in Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st March, 2011 and 28th February, 2012. A total of 150 samples were taken to assess the lipid profile in type-2 diabetic patients associated with obesity and 25 obese controls for their lipid profile. Venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning after fasting overnight. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, chronic infectious disease, heart failure; renal failure and drug allergy were confirmed from the subject's personal physician report and a detailed history. The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. RESULTS: The mean ± SD age of diabetic patients with obesity was 53.76± 6.23 while the mean ± SD age of control was 49.61 ± 4.8. Out of 150 patients 105 (70%) were males and 45 (30%) were females. Among control subjects 16 (64%) were males and 9 (36%) were females. Obese type-2 diabetic patients when compared to obese control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001), serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) while serum HDL-cholesterol levels did not show statistically significant difference in the two group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed obese diabetic individuals have dyslipidemia and more prone to develop cardiovascular diseases.