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Context: Population-based seroepidemiological studies are recommended to measure the extent of spread of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection in an area. The present seroprevalence survey was planned with the aim to estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area. Aims: To estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area. Settings and Design: The study was carried out in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) city area. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: A population-based seroprevalence study for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was carried out among 10082 residents in the age group of 6 years and above selected by cluster random sampling. Thirty-five clusters were in slums, 45 clusters in tenements and 120 clusters from housing societies. The fieldwork for the collection of samples was carried out from 16 June to 17 June 2021. For antibody testing, a kit from Abbott (SARS-CoV-2 IgG) was used which employs chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequency analysis was done for sociodemographic variables, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19, age-stratified infection rate, risk factors and COVID symptomatic versus asymptomatic cases. Chi-square test of association was applied to test the association between seropositivity and sociodemographic and clinical profile of participants. Results: The overall seropositivity for IgG antibodies was 81.34%. Those living in the Gaothan area (tenements) had a positivity rate of 84.5%. The age group between 45 and 60 years had a seropositivity of 91%. Conclusions: The study indicates that a considerable proportion of the population had encountered the novel coronavirus approaching herd immunity.
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BACKGROUND: Periodic evaluation of health services delivered to the community is a part of total quality management of health care delivery system in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of satisfaction among outdoor patients toward health care services available at teaching hospital, Port Blair. METHODOLOGY: The study included exit interview of 500 patients, sampled from 8 service delivery points of the health facility. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire based on PSQ-18 scale developed by Marshall and Hays was used as a study tool. Data entry was done in Microsoft excel sheet and analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 21. RESULTS: It has been observed that the majority of patients (62%) were from urban area. The highest number (32.40%) of respondents was in the age group of 30-39 years category. Mean satisfaction was the highest for communication (3.94 out of 5), followed by general satisfaction (3.69), technical quality (3.46), time spent with doctor (3.41), interpersonal manner (3.35), and least in accessibility and convenience (2.96). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a good level of satisfaction of patients with services obtained from the referral center. Among the different domains of measurements of patient satisfaction, only accessibility and convenience score was low. Findings of this study would serve as a baseline data for improving the quality of services and making them more clients centered.
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CONTEXT: Dyslipidemia plays a crucial role in atherogenesis, in both prediabetes and diabetes. There persists a lacuna in the evaluation of postprandial lipid parameters in prediabetes. AIMS: To comparatively evaluate fasting and postprandial blood lipid parameters and atherogenic lipid ratios for cardiovascular risk assessment, in prediabetes and diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and thirty-two with prediabetes were selected for the study. Lipid profile and blood glucose were analyzed in fasting and postprandial blood samples. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's regression analysis were applied. RESULTS: Postprandially, triglycerides (TG) was increased significantly in diabetes compared to controls (P < 0.01) and prediabetics (P < 0.05). Among the lipid ratios, triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDLc) was significantly increased postprandially in diabetes compared to controls (P < 0.05). A comparative analysis of fasting and postprandial parameters within each group showed a significant increase in postprandial TG/HDLc compared to the fasting state in prediabetes (P < 0.001) and diabetes (P < 0.001). Postprandial TG (P < 0.01) and TG/HDLc (P < 0.01) showed a stronger correlation with HbA1c compared to fasting TG (P < 0.05) and TG/HDLc (P > 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance was higher in postprandial state than the fasting state in prediabetes and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial TG and the TG/HDLc reflect lipid abnormalities than the corresponding fasting variables in diabetes and prediabetes. Postprandial TG and TG/HDLc are better reflectors of cardiovascular status in prediabetes and diabetes.
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CONTEXT: Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM) contributing to 65% of all deaths with diabetic complications. The most important cause of CVD is atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia acts as a marker of developing atherosclerosis. The derangement of lipid profile and atherogenic indices start in the prediabetic state, much before the development of DM. Detection of the deranged lipid profile and atherogenic indices in the prediabetic state can help devise the aggressive treatment strategy right from this stage, so as to arrest the development of CVD as a complication of diabetes. AIMS: To compare the lipid profile and atherogenic indices of prediabetics with controls and diabetics. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The electronic medical records of 239 subjects were reviewed retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 187 cases consisting of 137 diabetics and 50 prediabetics were evaluated for serum fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Atherogenic indices [TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc, (TC-HDLc)/HDLc, TG/HDLc] were also evaluated in the two groups. Rest 52 age- and sex-matched subjects were taken as controls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The comparisons were evaluated using SPSS statistical package version 20. RESULTS: TC, TG, LDLc, and the atherogenic indices were significantly increased in prediabetics as compared with controls. HDLc was significantly decreased in prediabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The altered lipid profile and atherogenic indices in prediabetics signify the increased susceptibility of prediabetics to CVD in the long run. Hence, we recommend screening of prediabetics for dyslipidemia to arrest the development of cardiovascular complications.
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BACKGROUND: The traditional concept of family in India to provide support to the elderly is changing soon with disintegration of joint families. In this scenario the concept of old age homes (OAHs) is gaining momentum and the number of people seeking OAH care is rapidly increasing. However, not much is known about the quality of life (QOL) of Indian elderly staying in the OAH setup. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the Health status, Quality of Life and Depression in elderly people living in OAHs & within family using WHOQOL -OLD questionnaire & Geriatric Depression Scale. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in elderly aged above 60 years of age. After taking a written consent and matching for age and sex & socioeconomic status, 60 elderly from OAHs & 120 elderly living within family setup were selected randomly. The WHOQOL-OLD standard questionnaire & GDS were used to assess quality of life & depression in elderly. RESULT: The QOL of elderly in domains of autonomy, past present & future activities, social participation and intimacy was better in family setup (60.62, 70.62, 66.14 and 58.43) as compared to OAHs (51.35, 62.91, 59.47and 41.16) (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in mean geriatric depression scores of both the group (3.96 within family setup and 5.76 in OAH's). CONCLUSION: Quality of life of elderly within family setup was better as compared to elderly in OAHs.
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BACKGROUND: India has a growing trend of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to shifting lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: To study the profile of patients died due to AMI and to find its risk correlates. METHODS: A study was conducted on consecutive AMI cases admitted in the teaching hospital at Port Blair from April 2011 to March 2016. During inpatients management, outcomes were followed up from admission till discharge or expiry. RESULTS: Of the total 491 cases, majority (75.99%) had ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI); mean age of 73 deaths was 58.01 ± 13.60, mortality probability among females was less; in the age group 41-50 years the case fatality rate was the lowest (7.58%). Mean age of survival was 56.75 ± 10.47; great majorities were males across all age groups in cases and deaths; highest number of cases were in the age group 51-60 (34.21%); reportedly 83.10% had some physical activities; 6.52% were vegetarian; 34.22% were smokers; 10.39% had family history of AMI, majority (59.06%) were from white collar profession (teacher, clerical, etc.); 52.95% were diabetics; and 47.45% were hypertensives. Lifestyle-related risk factors, physical activity, and vegetarian diet were not protective; family history and addiction to smoking were significantly associated with AMI deaths. Thrombolytic intervention helped the survival of 73.68%, and the odds ratio of survival showed benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Acute STEMI had male and middle-age predominance with a common risk factor of family history, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.
