ABSTRACT
Although the role of prolactin in the initiation and promotion of mammary carcinoma has been proved in animal experiments, a similar effect of hormone in the development of human mammary tumor has not been clearly demonstrated. If hyperprolactinemia is a significant factor in the initiation and promotion of human breast carcinoma, the incidence of mammary carcinoma in patients with hyperprolactinemia, with or without prolactinomas, might be higher than in control populations, but this relationship has never been documented. We present this case to stimulate awareness of the possibility so the condition will be investigated further.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Carcinoma in Situ/etiology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/etiology , Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolism , Prolactin/metabolism , Adult , Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia , Pituitary Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
While penetrating wounds of the abdomen may selectively be managed conservatively in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms, we believe that in similar injuries of the pelvic area, exploration is mandatory. Regardless of their clinical presentation, 38 consecutive patients with penetrating injury to the pelvis had exploration, which yielded positive findings in 37 (97%). Furthermore, the incidence of vascular injuries, especially in the presence of shock, was 82% (nine patients), with an associated mortality of 63% (seven patients). These data indicate that, in some cases, undue delay may be life-threatening.
