Tributelosides A-D: Four Undescribed Spirostan Glycosides Isolated from the Branches and Leaves of Tribulus terrestris with Their NO Production Inhibitory Activity in LPS Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.

Four undescribed spirostan glycosides, (25S)-5α-spirostan- 12-one-2α,3ß-diol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (1), (25S)-5α-spirostan-12-one-2α,3ß-diol-3-O-ß-D-galatopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (2), (25S)-5α-spirostan-12-one-2α,3ß-diol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (3), and hecogenin 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-ß-D-galactopyranoside (4), together with eleven known compounds (5-15) were isolated from the branches and leaves of Tribulus terrestris. Their chemical structures were established through spectroscopic methods, including HR-ESI-MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectra. Preliminary biological evaluation on NO production inhibitory activity in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells showed that compounds 1-3, 5, and 6 had significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 18.3 µM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethazone (IC50 13.6 µM).

Four Undescribed Stilbenoid Derivatives from the Aerial Parts of Dendrobium officinale with their α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity.

In this study, four undescribed bibenzyl derivatives (1-4), together with seven known compounds (5-11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Dendrobium officinale. Their chemical structures were determined to be (7'S,8'S) -9''-acetyldendrocandin U (1), (7'S,8'S) -4'-methoxydendrocandin T (2), (7'R,8'S) -dendrocandin B (3), (1S,2R) -5'''-methoxydendrofindlaphenol C (4) by analyzing of the spectroscopic data including HR-ESI-MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectra. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 were determined by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-3, 5, 10 and 11 inhibited α-glucosidase with the IC50 values ranging from 56.3 to 165.3 µM, compounds 1-3, 5, 7-10 inhibited α-amylase with the IC50 values ranging from 65.2 to 177.6 µM.

Four New Pentacyclic Triterpene Glycosides Isolated from the Fruits of Cryptolepis buchananii R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult and Their Inhibition of NO Production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 Cells.

From the methanol extract of the Cryptolepis buchananii fruits, four undescribed pentacyclic triterpenene glycosides (1-4) and five known pentacyclic triterpenenes (5-9) were isolated. Their structures were determined to be uncargenin C 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyluncargenin C 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-6ß,23-dihydroxyursolic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosylasiatic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), asiatic acid (5), 2α,3ß,23-trihydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (6), arjunolic acid (7), 6ß-hydroxyarjunolic acid (8), and actinidic acid (9) based on analyses of their HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All the isolates showed significantly NO production inhibition in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 values ranging from 18.79 to 37.57 µM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, which showed IC50 value of 14.05 µM.

Pelliolatifolias A-D, Four Undescribed Compounds from Pellionia latifolia Boerl. and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity.

Four undescribed compounds (1-4) named pelliolatifolias A-D together with seven known compounds trans-clovamide (5), N-trans-caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (6), N-trans-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (7), luteolin 4'-O-ß-D-glucopyrannoside (8), cis-syringin (9), trans-syringin (10), and citroside A (11) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the Pellionia latifolia leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD spectra. Compounds 1-7, 9 and 10 showed moderate inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with their IC50 values ranging from 39.27 to 75.42 µM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, IC50 value of 14.20 µM.

Five New Oleanane Triterpene Saponins from Camellia petelotii and Their Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.

Five new triterpenoid glycosides, named campetelosides A-E (1-5), together with three known compounds, chikusetsusaponin IVa (6), umbellatoside B (7), and silvioside E (8) were isolated from the leaves of Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy. Their chemical structures were determined by interpretations of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. In addition, compounds 1-8 were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1-3 significantly showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 166.7±6.0, 45.9±2.6, and 395.3±10.5 µM, respectively, compared to that of the positive control, acarbose, with an IC50 value of 200.4±10.5 µM.

Three new muurolane-type sesquiterpene glycosides from the whole plants of Balanophora fungosa subsp. indica.

Three new muurolane type sesquiterpene glycosides, named balanoindicosides A - C (1 - 3), were isolated from the whole plant of Balanophora fungosa subsp. indica using various chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The stereochemistry of muurolane sesquiterpene backbone was demonstrated by NOESY analysis. Configuration of C-12 in compounds 2 and 3 could be distinguished by chemical shift value of C-14. Compounds 1-3 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity towards HepG-2, HL-60, LU-1, and MCF-7 cell lines.