ABSTRACT
A new isopropyl chromone (1) and a new flavanone glucoside (2) together with eleven known compounds (3-13) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Their structures were elucidated as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-6,8-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one (1), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone 7-O-ß-D-(6''-O-galloylglucopyranoside) (2), strobopinin (3), demethoxymatteucinol (4), pinocembrin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (5), (2S)-hydroxynaringenin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), afzelin (7), quercetin (8), kaplanin (9), endoperoxide G3 (10), grasshopper (11), vomifoliol (12), litseagermacrane (13) by the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD spectral data. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 inhibited NO production on LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 12.28±1.15, 8.52±1.62, 7.68±0.87, 9.67±0.57, and 6.69±0.34â µM, respectively, while the IC50 values of the other compounds ranging from 33.38±0.78 to 86.51±2.98â µM, compared to that of the positive control, NG -monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 32.50±1.00â µM.
Subject(s)
Flavanones , Syzygium , Chromones/pharmacology , Flavanones/pharmacology , Glucosides/pharmacology , Glucosides/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Syzygium/chemistryABSTRACT
Two structural protein genes, VP19 and VP466, of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were cloned and expressed in Sf21 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system for the development of injection and oral feeding vaccines against WSSV for shrimps. The cumulative mortalities of the shrimps vaccinated by the injection of rVP19 and rVP466 at 15 days after the challenge with WSSV were 50.2% and 51.8%, respectively. For the vaccination by oral feeding of rVP19 and rVP466, the cumulative mortalities were 49.2% and 89.2%, respectively. These results show that protection against WSSV can be generated in the shrimp, using the viral structural protein as a protein vaccine.
Subject(s)
Penaeidae/immunology , Viral Structural Proteins/immunology , Viral Vaccines/immunology , White spot syndrome virus 1/immunology , Animals , Cell Line , Gene Expression , Penaeidae/virology , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Spodoptera , Vaccination , Viral Structural Proteins/genetics , Viral Structural Proteins/metabolism , Viral Vaccines/genetics , Viral Vaccines/metabolism , White spot syndrome virus 1/genetics , White spot syndrome virus 1/metabolismABSTRACT
A retrospective study on 77 cases of injuries in the neck in the institute of ear, nose and throat during 1970-1994 has shown that the rate of disease free among patients who early hospitalized without complication was 91.6%. The rate of sequela due to the pharyngeal cartilage rupture was 8.41%. The rate of disease free, sequela and mortality among patients who lately hospitalized with complication was 54.5%, 27.3% and 18.2% respectively
