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1.
Mali Med ; 30(3): 7-12, 2015.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29927160

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Depressed skull fractures are common and frequent among neurosurgical diseases of whose danger stem from the associated intracranial lesions. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiological characteristics of depressed skull fractures, to determine their etiology, to describe the clinical signs, to highlight the complications and sequelae and to evaluate care management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective and descriptive study from January to December 2013 including 72 patients admitted to the neurosurgical department of the Gabriel Toure hospital. RESULTS: The frequency was 14.7% and the male to female ratio was 13.4. The peak frequency of these injuries occurred in the 16-to 25-year-old age group accounting for 38.9% of cases. Road traffic accidents were the most common causes of depressed skull fractures (59.7%). Neurosurgical treatment was performed in 25 (34.72%) patients and the most common surgical technique performed was the craniectomy in (64%). Infection of the wound was found in 15.3% and the mortality rate was 1.39%. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed skull fractures are a frequent neurosurgical disease in the Gabriel Touré hospital. Young people are most affected and road traffic accidents involving motorbikes are the main cause the fractures. The infection of the wound is a poor prognostic factor. Therefore, an early management is required to expect a good outcome.


INTRODUCTION: Les Fractures embarrures constituent des affections fréquentes en neurochirurgie dont la gravité est liée aux lésions intracrâniennes associées. Les objectifs de ce travail sont les suivants : décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques des fractures embarrures du crâne, déterminer les étiologies, décrire les signes cliniques, dégager les complications et les séquelles et évaluer la prise en charge. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive portant sur 72 malades de janvier à décembre 2013 dans le service de neurochirurgie du CHU Gabriel Touré. La fréquence était de 14,7% avec une forte prédominance masculine (93% des cas). Les jeunes de 16-25 ans étaient les plus touchés soit 38,9%. Les AVP constituaient la principale étiologie avec 59,7% des cas. Le traitement neurochirurgical a été effectué chez 25 patients soit 34,72% et la craniectomie à os perdu était la technique la plus utilisés (64% des cas opérés). L'infection de la plaie a été la complication post opératoire dominante avec 15,3%. le taux de mortalité était de 1,39%.

2.
Mali Med ; 30(3): 24-28, 2015.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29927163

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar stenosis is a disease caused by a conflict between the neural structures (spinal cord and nerve roots) and spinal structures (bones and ligaments). The objectives of this study were to highlight the frequency, the diagnosis and therapeutics options, and to evaluate the treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2012 including 24 patients admitted to the neurosurgical department of the Gabriel Touré Hospital. RESULTS: The frequency of lumbar stenosis was 6.19% of all neurosurgical diseases. The sex-ratio was 0.71. The age ranged from 28 to 81 years with an average of 52 years. The neurogenic claudication was found in 87.5%. The straight leg raising test was positive in 41.7% of cases. The most vertebras involved were L4 and L5. Lumbar disc herniation was associated in 70.83%. Degenerative lumbar stenosis was the most common form, found in 66.67% of cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 29.17% of cases. The outcome was good in 85.6% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar stenosis is a prevalent disease that occurs typically occurs around 50 years of age. The diagnosis was confirmed by myelography and a post myelographic CT scan. Good outcomes are achieved with both surgical or medical treatments.


INTRODUCTION: Le canal lombaire étroit (C.L.E.) est une pathologie liée à un conflit entre le contenant (ostéo-discoligamentaire) et le contenu (moelle épinière et ses composantes). Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer la fréquence du CLE, de déterminer les méthodes de diagnostic et de traitement, d'évaluer les résultats du traitement. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective portant sur 24 cas de canal lombaire étroit colligés entre le 1er Janvier 2012 et le 31 Décembre 2012% dans le service de Neurochirurgie du C.H.U Gabriel Touré. RÉSULTATS: le CLE constitue 6,19% de nos patients opérés. Le sexe féminin prédominait avec 58%. L'âge moyen était 52 ans avec les extrêmes de 28 ans et de 81 ans. La claudication était retrouvée à l'interrogatoire chez 87,5% des cas. le signe de Sonnette était retrouvé chez 41,7% des patients. Les vertèbres L4 et L5 étaient les plus touchés. La hernie discale était associée dans 70 .83%. Le CLE acquis représentait 66,67% des cas, la forme constitutionnelle,25% et celle congénitale, 8,33%. Le traitement a été médical dans 70,83% des cas et chirurgical 29,17%. Les résultats étaient bons dans 85,6%. CONCLUSION: le CLE est une affection fréquente se manifestant vers l'âge de 50 ans. La confirmation du diagnostic était faite par la saccoradiculographie couplée au myéloscanner. Le traitement médical ou chirurgical donne des bons résultats.

3.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 30(3): 7-12, 2015.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1265691

ABSTRACT

Introduction : Les fractures embarrures constituent des affections frequentes en neurochirurgie dont la gravite est liee aux lesions intracraniennes associees. Les objectifs de ce travail sont les suivants : decrire les caracteristiques epidemiologiques des fractures embarrures du crane; determiner les etiologies; decrire les signes cliniques; degager les complications et les sequelles et evaluer la prise en charge. Patients et Methodes : il s'agissait d'une etude retrospective descriptive portant sur 72 malades de janvier a decembre 2013 dans le service de neurochirurgie du CHU Gabriel Toure. La frequence etait de 14;7% avec une forte predominance masculine (93% des cas). Les jeunes de 16-25 ans etaient les plus touches soit 38;9%. Les AVP constituaient la principale etiologie avec 59;7% des cas. Le traitement neurochirurgical a ete effectue chez 25 patients soit 34;72% et la craniectomie a os perdu etait la technique la plus utilises (64% des cas operes). L'infection de la plaie a ete la complication post operatoire dominante avec 15;3%. le taux de mortalite etait de 1;39%


Subject(s)
Case Reports , Skull Fracture, Depressed/diagnosis , Skull Fracture, Depressed/epidemiology , Skull Fracture, Depressed/therapy , Skull Fractures
4.
Neurochirurgie ; 60(6): 299-303, 2014 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25441709

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial empyema is a frequent complication of ear-nose-throat (ENT) infections. Limited studies have been carried-out on cerebral empyema during recent years in Senegal. Despite new imaging techniques, diagnostic and therapeutic problems as well as outcome still remain in our regions. We report our experience compared to that of the literature. The study focused on epidemiological aspects, difficulties in diagnosis and treatment as well as prognosis of this condition. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted from January 2008 to December 2011 of 100 clinical cases. Diagnosis was made based on contrast CT-scan. Twenty-one percent of patients received medical treatment alone, while 79% underwent surgery. The duration of the treatment varied from 4 to 8 weeks. The follow-up was clinical and radiological with a mean follow-up time of 12 months. RESULTS: Cerebral empyema represented 44.4 % of all intracranial suppuration cases and the mean age was 21 years. The etiology was ENT in 35%, meningitis 10%, unknown 25%. Localization was sub-dural in 57%, extra-dural in 22%, inter-hemispheric in 10% of the cases. Empyema was associated with an abscess in 7 cases. One case was located in the posterior fossa. The evolution was favorable in 78% of the cases and in 12.5% some neurologic sequelae were observed. Eleven patients died and 3% of the patients had recurrences. CONCLUSION: The frequency of intracranial empyema is still high in Senegal. Difficulties in diagnosis, therapeutics and low economic incomes account for the gravity of intracranial empyema. In spite of these risks, early stage and effective treatment is necessary to reduce the morbi-mortality, especially in young aged children.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases , Empyema , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Brain Diseases/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Empyema/diagnosis , Empyema/diagnostic imaging , Empyema/epidemiology , Empyema/therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
5.
Sciences de la santé ; 2(1): 14-18, 2014.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1271886

ABSTRACT

Les cephaloceles se definissent comme des hernies du contenu de la boite cranienne a travers un defect du crane. Le but de l'etude est de rapporter notre experience sur la prise en charge des cephaloceles et d'evaluer l'evolution du traitement chirurgical. Methode : trente enfants ont ete admis au service de neurochirurgie de fann sur une periode de 5 ans et demi pour prise en charge d'une cephalocele. Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective. Resultats : L'age moyen des patients a l'admission etait de 4 mois avec un sex-ratio de 0;9. Plus de 57 de meres avaient un age superieur a 30 ans. Le mariage consanguin a ete retrouve dans une proportion de 36;7. La supplementation durant la grossesse en fer acide folique a ete effective chez 81;48 des femmes. La localisation du defect osseux au niveau occipital etait retrouvee dans 70 contre 16;7 en fronto-ethmoidale; 10 en sincipitale et 3;3 en frontale unilaterale. Tous les patients ont beneficie d'une tomodensitometrie cerebrale et ont ete operes. Le recours a la derivation ventriculo-peritoneale a ete necessaire dans six cas (20) pour une hydrocephalie. L'evolution a ete favorable chez 29 patients (96;7). Un deces a ete constate apres la cure de la cephalocele. Le suivi post-operatoire a varie de 3 mois a 2 ans. Conclusion : Ce travail souligne la survenue de cephaloceles chez le 2eme enfant de la fratrie; une predominance de la localisation occipitale; ainsi que la rarete du diagnostic echographique antenatal. La prevention semble etre le meilleur traitement


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/surgery , Disease Management
6.
Neurochirurgie ; 59(3): 111-4, 2013 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23796721

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The management of cervical spine injuries requires a multidisciplinary approach based on emergency management and rehabilitation. In our context this chain fails, especially on the post-hospital care. Our goal is to explain the difficulties we had in the management of these patients in Dakar. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (2005-2009) included 99 patients admitted for severe cervical spinal cord injury in two hospitals in Dakar. The clinical signs, treatment and outcome were studied. The follow up was between 3 and 54 months. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 36.1 years and the traffic accidents were the main etiology (73.7%). Medical transport of patients was done in 65.7% with an admission average time of 64.86 hours. On admission, 57.6% of patients had Frankel score A or B. Dislocations (59.6%) and Tear drop fractures (16.2%) were the main lesions. The surgery was performed in 83.8% with a mean interval of 128.84 hours after the trauma. Outpatient rehabilitation was offered whatever the patient's neurological status. Recovery was complete in 20.2% and partial in 31.3% with a mortality rate of 37.4%. Most deaths occurred between 1 and 6 months (59.5%) mainly due to decubitus complications (56.8%). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the management of severe spinal cord injuries is based on reducing the preoperative time and rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Developing Countries , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Accidents, Traffic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cause of Death , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fractures, Bone/pathology , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Humans , Joint Dislocations/pathology , Joint Dislocations/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation , Transportation of Patients , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
7.
Neurochirurgie ; 58(4): 272-4, 2012 Aug.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22652116

ABSTRACT

Human schistosomiasis is the second endemic disease after malaria. About 200 millions people are concerned, particularly in Africa, South America and Asia. Schistosomal spinal cord compression is under reported in Africa and not well known. Authors present the case of a 10-year-old boy with no suggestive past-medical story, admitted for spinal cord compression. MRI shows tumor like intra dural lesion. Schistosomal granuloma was found after lesion removal by posterior approach. Treatment was completed by praziquantel. Controversies of the treatment are presented.


Subject(s)
Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosomiasis haematobia/complications , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , Animals , Antiplatyhelmintic Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Paraparesis/etiology , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Cord Compression/pathology , Spine/pathology , Subarachnoid Space/pathology
9.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 23(4): 11-16, 2008.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1265556

ABSTRACT

Nous rapportons ainsi une serie retrospective de 88 cas de patients porteurs d'hematomes sous-duraux chroniques recenses de Janvier 2000 a Decembre 2005 a l'hopital general de grand Yoff (HOGGY). Nous nous sommes proposes d'etudier les particularites cliniques; diagnostiques; therapeutiques et evolutives a l'ere du scanner. L'age moyen est de 67ans avec des extremes de 23 a 95 ans. Nous avons note 77 hommes soit 87;5pour 11 femmes soit 12;5. Les antecedents de traumatismes cranio-encephaliques (TCE) ont ete retrouves dans 56;91des cas; ceux d'hypertension arterielle et/ou diabete ont ete notes dans 40; 85des cas. Nous n'avons pas retrouve de notion d' ethylisme chronique avoue par nos patients La symptomatologie clinique etait dominee par le syndrome deficitaire moteur dans 77;64des cas; les troubles psychiatriques a type de desorientation temporo-spatiale; d'amnesie; de delire onirique rencontres dans 40;58des cas; les formes pseudo-tumorales avec hypertension intracranienne (HIC) suivie ou non de baisse de l'acuite visuelle (BAV) dans 59;26des cas. Le diagnostic d'hematome sous-dural chronique (HSDC) a ete etabli par la tomodensitometrie (TDM). Cet examen retrouve 68 cas d'HSDC unilateral soit 72;27et 20 cas d'HSDC bilateral soit 27;72. Le traitement chirurgical a consiste en une vidange de la collection apres trepanation suivie d'un drainage n'excedant pas 72 heures. La rehydratation hydro electrolytique abondante a constitue le traitement medical. Sur le plan evolutif; nous notons une mortalite de 3;97et un taux de recidive a 10. L'HSDC est une affection geriatrique frequente mais tres peu connue en medecine omnipraticienne. Le traitement chirurgical est simple. Son evolution souvent benigne pourrait etre greffee d'une morbimortalite appreciable en l'absence d'un diagnostic precoce


Subject(s)
Hematoma, Subdural , Hematoma, Subdural/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 67(5): 485-9, 2007 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18225734

ABSTRACT

The posterior cerebral fossa is an uncommon location for cerebral abscess. In most cases diagnosis is made at the encapsulation stage with the risk of life-threatening tonsillar herniation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe our experience in the management of four cases of abscess located in the posterior cerebral fossa between January 2000 and December 2004. All patients benefited from clinical examination and radiological study (CT-scan). Surgical treatment performed in all cases consisted of trepano-puncture of the abscess. The minimum duration of post-operative follow-up was 6 months. Mean patient age was 38.75 years. All patients presented infectious syndrome and intracranial hypertension. The male:female sex ratio was 3:1. A history of chronic middle ear otitis was noted in two patients. Diagnosis of abscess in the posterior cerebral fossa was confirmed by CT-scan in 2 cases. Cholesteatoma and triventricular hydrocephaly were noted in 2 cases. All patients benefited from trepano-puncture of the abscess. Bacteriologic study of pus was positive for Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case, and Providencia Sp associated with Bactéroïdes fragilis in another. Second-stage radical mastoidectomy was performed in 2 cases. One patient died. The outcome was favorable in 3 cases. Because of the small size of the posterior cerebral fossa, abscess in that location requires emergency treatment. Delay can be life-threatening due to the risk of obstructive hydrocephaly and tonsillar herniation.


Subject(s)
Brain Abscess/microbiology , Brain Abscess/surgery , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/microbiology , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/surgery , Adolescent , Aged , Bacteroides fragilis/isolation & purification , Brain Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Child , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/complications , Male , Mastoid/surgery , Middle Aged , Otitis Media/complications , Providencia/isolation & purification , Punctures , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Mali Med ; 22(2): 54-7, 2007.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19437834

ABSTRACT

The encephaloceles belong to dysraphic state abnormalities. Publications on this issue are rare and sparse in Africa. The aim of our study is to describe clinical patterns of occipital encephaloceles, and emphasize on surgery. We collect retrospectively a population of 16 patients. Cranial Ultrasound Echographia has been done for all of them. Only 3 patients got brain CT scan. Medium age was 2 months. The sex ratio was coted 1. The consanguinity was noted in 37% of the cases. The pedicular aspects were more frequent. With neuroimaging studies the diagnosis was reached everytime. It showed hydrocephalus on 3 patients. 15 patients have been operated. One dead before going to surgery. The outcome was good for 13 patients (81%). But 3 patients (18%) deaded, and among them, 2 deaded during post surgery period. A better clinical evaluation showed be done using MRI. The control of epidemiology of these conditions depend on the improvement of the quality of eating in particularly in women bearing child, and performing a genetic counseling.


Subject(s)
Encephalocele/diagnosis , Encephalocele/surgery , Abnormalities, Multiple , Diagnostic Imaging , Encephalocele/mortality , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies
12.
Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) ; 126(2): 121-6, 2005.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16180353

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Subdural empyema is a collected cranioencephalic suppuration between arachnoid and dura meninge space. Subdural empyema occurring after sinusitis is an uncommon but serious complication of paranasal sinus infections. The purpose of this study is to aware the clinician about this condition. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Four young male children had been admitted with expressed fronto-ethmoid sinusitis. The intracranial infection was confirmed by computed tomography scan of brain and sinus. Both drainage of the sinus and intracranial suppuration was performed at the same time surgical procedure and antibiotics administered during 4 weeks. RESULTS: The subdural empyema was localized in the right temporoparietal region in 1 case, in the frontal lobe in the others cases. In 1 case, the frontal subdural empyema was associated with an inerhemispherique collection. One patient underwent a second drainage. Immediate post-operative outcomes were temporally complicated with convulsions and focal neurological deficit, in 1 case. This symptoms had regressed spontaneously. There was no case of death. The functional prognosis was bad, marked by lost vision in 2 cases, which was bilateral in 1 case. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion of intracranial extension of sinus infection must recommended neuroradiological investigations. When suppurative collection is confirmed, an appropriated management of the infection between otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons is necessary.


Subject(s)
Empyema, Subdural/etiology , Frontal Sinusitis/complications , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Empyema, Subdural/diagnostic imaging , Empyema, Subdural/surgery , Frontal Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Sinusitis/surgery , Humans , Male , Neurosurgical Procedures , Suction , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
Afr. j. neurol. sci. (Online) ; 24(2): 28-32, 2005.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1257400

ABSTRACT

Introduction : L'hématome sous dural est une complication observée lors du traitement chirurgical de l'hydrocéphalie. Avant l'avènement de la tomodensitométrie à Dakar, une incidence de 0,8 % était trouvée. L'objectif de notre travail est de réévaluer cette incidence à la lumière de cet examen et de déterminer les divers facteurs étiologiques. Patients et Méthode : Nos patients ont été opérés par dérivation ventriculo-péritonéale et sont âgés de 8 à 30 ans au moment du diagnostic. Quatre sont de sexe féminin. Le signe le plus fréquent est l'hypertension intra-cranienne. La tomodensitométrie a établi le diagnostic dans tous les cas. Elle montrait dans 4 cas, un hématome unilatéral et dans deux cas, une forme bilatérale. D'importantes calcifications sont retrouvées dans deux cas. Cinq patients ont été opérés et nous notons deux décès. Les valves utilisées sont à débit de drainage fixe. Résultat : Il existe une augmentation de l'incidence par rapport à notre première série datant de 12 ans. Par rapport aux autres systèmes de drainage, nous ne notons pas de différence significative. Aucun facteur étiologique déterminant n'est retrouvé. Conclusion Cette complication pouvant pauci-symptomatique, la réalisation d'examens tomodensitométriques systématiques permettrait de constater une plus grande fréquence de cette complication


Subject(s)
Senegal , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/complications , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/diagnosis , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/etiology
14.
Médecine Tropicale ; 67(5): 485-489,
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266791

ABSTRACT

L'abces de la fosse cerebrale posterieure est une localisation inhabituelle des abces encephaliques. Son diagnostic se fait generalement au stade d'encapsulation avec le risque possible d'engagement amygdalien mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. Nous rapportons notre experience dans la prise en charge des abces de la fosse cerebrale posterieure a travers une serie de 4 cas. Il s'agit d'une serie retrospective de 4 patients; colliges de Janvier 2000 a Decembre 2004. Tous les patients ont beneficie d'un examen clinique et d'une exploration radiologique (tomodensitometrie). L'intervention operatoire realisee dans tous les cas; a consiste en une trepano-ponction de l'abces. Le suivi post-operatoire a ete assure pour une duree minimale de 6 mois. L'age moyen etait de 38;75 ans. Le sex-ratio etait de 3/1. L'antecedent d'otite moyenne chronique a ete note dans 2 cas. Le syndrome infectieux et l'hypertension intra-cranienne etaient constants. Le syndrome cerebelleux a ete note dans 2 cas. La tomodensitometrie a permis de confirmer le diagnostic d'abces de la fosse cerebrale posterieure. Un cholesteatome et une hydrocephalie tri ventriculaire ont ete notes dans 2 cas. Tous les patients ont beneficie d'une trepano-ponction de l'abces. L'examen bacteriologique du pus a permis d'isoler un Staphylococcus aureus dans 1 cas; et un Providencia sp associe au Bacteroides fragilis dans un autre. Une mastoidectomie radicale a ete pratiquee a distance dans 2 cas. L'evolution a ete bonne dans 3 cas. Un cas de deces a ete enregistre. La localisation de l'abces dans la fosse cerebrale posterieure qui est une loge exigue; signe l'urgence de la prise en charge. Tout retard met en jeu le pronostic vital par le risque d'hydrocephalie obstructive et d'engagement amygdalien


Subject(s)
Case Reports , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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