[Ensuring continuity of care at the time of COVID-19: challenges for the Dakar Integrated Support Center for Addictions]. / Assurer la continuité des soins au temps de la COVID-19 : défis pour le centre de traitement des addictions à Dakar.

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on health systems, whose modes of adaptation and response on the ground are still poorly documented and are evolving. The Dakar Integrated Support Center for Addictions (CEPIAD) has been implementing risk reduction since 2014, particularly with drug users. The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures were an obstacle to its attendance by patients, in particular due to movement restriction. In addition to the implementation of individual and collective preventive measures in the center, CEPIAD has experimented "take-home" for methadon that is generally provided daily through directly observed treatment. The center has also taken care of amnestied incarcerated cannabis users. Several aspects of this experience, perceived positively, could be relevant outside the pandemic context.

[Role of eldest in a destructured family context: clinical case report from Fann Hospital in Dakar, Senegal]. / La position d'aîné a l'epreuve d'un contexte familial déstructurant: une observation au CHU de Fann a Dakar.

In a Senegalese family, the role of the eldest, i.e. the one who must lead the way, is particularly difficult. The eldest is the only one required to excel and wield power in the family. To ensure his status and maintain his identity, the elder must be acknowledged as such by the father, mother, and younger siblings. The purpose of this report is to describe a case demonstrating the psychological frailness associated with elder status. The patient developed depressive breakdown when his mother dismayed by his professional failure ceased to acknowledgement his status and implicitly disqualified him. Discussion includes the psychopathological dimension revolving mainly around an Oedipal relationship with the father.

Le Test Du Sénégal: Un Instrument Valide Et Fiable Pour Le Dépistage De La Démence Dans Une Population De Personnes Âgées Sénégalaises

"Description. Face au vieillissement de la population et au developpement de la demence; il est necessaire de disposer d'outil de depistage valide et fiable qui soit adapte au contexte socio-culturel. Objectif.Valider le Test du Senegal; un instrument de depistage de la demence aupres de la population agee senegalaise. Methode .Le Test du Senegal est un instrument de depistage de la demence incluant des items en rapport avec l'orientation; la memoire; l'attention/calcul; la praxie et le langage avec un score de 0-39 points. Sa validation s'est deroulee en deux phases aupres de personnes agees de 55 ans et plus frequentant le Centre Medicosocial et Universitaire de l'IPRES (Institut de Prevoyance Retraite du Senegal) pour des soins : 1) etude transversale aupres de 872 patients interviewes avec le questionnaire ""Vieillir au Senegal"" pour identifier les cas selon les criteres DSM IV-R; 2) une etude cas-temoins avec 116 patients (58 sujets dements et 58 temoins apparies par le sexe) pour la validation proprement dite. Le Test du Senegal a ete administre lors de la premiere phase; re-administre une semaine puis deux semaines apres lors de la deuxieme phase. La validite de critere; la validite de construit et la fidelite du test ont ete estimees. L'effet de l'age et de l'instruction sur la performance du test pour depister la demence a ete etudie avec des analyses de regression logistique. Resultat. Le Test du Senegal identifiait les cas de demence avec les caracteristiques suivantes au point de coupure de 28/29 : sensibilite : 93;1; specificite : 89;6; valeur predictive positive : 93;1; valeur predictive negative : 92;8; surface sous la courbe caracteristique de performance: 0;967; kappa : 0;82; coefficient de correlation intraclasse variant entre 0;67 et 0;87. L'age et l'education n'avaient aucune influence sur la performance au Test du Senegal. Conclusion Le Test du Senegal est un instrument valide et fiable pour le depistage de la demence dans la population agee senegalaise. Il pourra etre utilise comme outil de depistage de la demence dans les services de sante."

[Clinical and psychopathological postpartum depression: eleven Senegalese cases report]. / Aspects cliniques et psychopathologiques de la dépression du postpartum: rapport d'une série de onze cas sénégalais.

INTRODUCTION: The postpartum depression is a frequent puerperium psychiatric disorder. The authors study the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of the postpartum depression among eleven Senegalese women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: They examined the medical reports and hospital registers of eleven patients belonging to a sample of 52 women presenting psychic disorders of the puerperality. The diagnosis was made by using the International Classification of the Diseases. RESULTS: The symptoms of depression were irritability, bad concentration, multiple somatic complaints, of insomnia of drowsiness, loss of the usual interests. All the patients profited from psychotherapy and have received chemotherapy with antidepressant treatment associated tranquillizing in six cases. They improved from 29 to 43 days after their admission. CONCLUSION: The pregnancy and the childbirth, the parity, personal history of the patient, their social environment and the cultural representations of maternity are factors of depression of the postpartum. The antidepressant is always essential in the treatment.

Aspects cliniques et psychopathologiques de la depression du postpartum : rapport d'une serie de onze cas senegalais

Introduction : La depression du post-partum occupe une place importante parmi les accidents psychiatriques de la puerperalite. Les auteurs rapportent les differents aspects cliniques; therapeutiques et evolutifs de la depression du post-partum dans une serie de onze cas senegalais. Materiel et methode : Il s'agit d'un travail mene a partir des observations medicales et des registres d'hospitalisation d'une serie de 11 patientes appartenant a un echantillon de 52 femmes presentant des troubles psychiques de la puerperalite. Le diagnostic a ete fait en utilisant la classification internationale des maladies. Resultats : Sur le plan clinique les symptomes de depression etaient constitues principalement d'irritabilite; de troubles de la concentration; de plaintes somatiques multiples; d'insomnie d'endormissement; de perte des interets habituels. Pour la prise en charge; toutes nos patientes ont beneficie d'une psychotherapie de soutien et d'un traitement antidepresseur; associes a un traitement tranquillisant dans six cas. L'evolution a ete favorable au bout de 29 a 43 jours d'hospitalisation. Conclusion : Le vecu de la grossesse et de l'accouchement; la parite; l'histoire personnelle de la patiente; son environnement et les representations culturelles de la maternite sont des facteurs de depression du postpartum. Le traitement antidepresseur est dans tous les cas indispensable

[Frequency of relapse among hospitalized patients at the psychiatric department]. / Fréquence des rechutes chez les patients hospitalises en psychiatrie.

The study aims to assess the epidemiology of relapse occurrence among inpatients at the Department of Psychiatry of Fann Teaching Hospital, in Dakar. A retrospective and prospective study was conducted from inpatients records during the year 1998. Demographic and disease related datas were collected and analyzed using a microcomputer with WHO/CDC Epi Info 6.0 software. Among the inpatients, 160 presented a relapse representing a prevalence rate of 40.8%. The most incriminated diseases were: schizophrenia and mood trouble (56.3% and 28.7% respectively). Relapses occurs more during the first admission and decreased with readmission. As a real public health problem, there is a need for better management of all psychiatric disease to prevent relapsus: early and efficient health care, social and familial integration.

[Mental disorders in cerebral malaria]. / Les manifestations psychiatriques du paludisme cérébral.

Psychiatric manifestations of cerebral malaria have been described for a while. The purpose of this study was conducted to describe this type of clinical manifestations of malaria among inpatients admitted at the psychiatric department in Dakar, Senegal from 1998 to 1999 (2 years) based on personnal observations. During this period. 1 male and 3 females, 13 to 22 years old, presented psychiatric disorders represented by mental confusion, delirium syndrom with zoopsia, visual hallucinations, motor agitation associated to other malarial clinical features: fever, headache, shiver, sweating and belious vomiting. All the patients were smear blood positive to Plasmodium falciparum with a parasiteamia between 2524 to 61500 parasites per ml. No psychiatric history was noted among them. Antimalarial treatment was used associated either with neuroleptic or tranquilliser. All of them recovered after 12 to 31 days of hospitalization (mean lengh of slay = 20 days). Psychotropic treatment was stopped after 15 days and no relapse was observed after 1 year of follow-up. The autors focus on the importance of psychiatric manifestations of cerebral malaria especially in endemic area like Senegal. They also insist on the possiblities of misdiagnosis and though a delay for an early and effective management.

[Hysteria in children: Briquet's syndrome (a case report)]. / Hystérie de l'enfant: le syndrome de Briquet (à propos d'une observation).

In this case report, the authors studied the difficulties to set up the diagnosis of hysteria in the Briquet's Syndrome. The description presented here is about an eleven years old girl patient without any particular family background and who, after her tonsils have been out against her will, presented a hysteria in the form of Briquet's Syndrome. All the explorations showed no abnormalities. It is the questioning, and the analysis of facts from informations by the patient and her family which allowed to conclude the diagnosis of hysteria. She received a chemotherapy, associated with a psychotherapy and a family guidance. The course was favourable after two months. The authors compare these findings with some data of the literature and underline the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties they faced. How physicians should approach such form of hysteria to set up the diagnosis is to proceed by elimination because the disease can simulate all sorts of medical or psychiatrical affections.

[Prevalence and clinical aspects of puerperal mental disorders at the University Hospital Center of Dakar]. / Prévalence et formes cliniques des troubles psychiques de la puerpéralité au CHU de Dakar.

This is a contribution to the survey on psychiatric disorders of puerperality. We are particularly interested in the clinical signs and the ethiopathogenical facts of psychiatric disorders of the post-partum which appear-in our point of view-to be the main point on which we could probably act to reduce the effect of the disease. It is a retrospective survey going from January, 1st 1992 to December, 31st 1996. Here are included all the female patients whose age is more than 15, hospitalised during survey period and who presented a mental pathology linked with puerperality in accordance with diagnosis criterions of World Health Organization. In 1 627 hospitalisations, there were 658 women among whom 52 presented puerperality psychical disorders, that's meaning 7.9% of the female patients hospitalised in psychiatry, with an average age of 24.5 years. Concerning the classification of the diseases, the acute delirious psychosis and the depressive disorders are more important with respectively 56% and 19% of the sample. 92% of the women gave birth by the vaginal normal way and 61.5% presented disorders in the first week following their delivery. The married women are 94%. Concerning their occupations, 98% are house keepers. 52% are primiparas and 48% are multiparas. Psychical disorders of puerperality are frequent in Dakar. Acute psychosis and mood disorders are the main clinical aspects. The management of the future mother to her new roles by health education and prenatal check-ups in health centers by skilled and appropriate personnal is necessary.

[Mental confusion and multifocal lymphatic and pulmonary tuberculosis. A case report]. / Confusion mentale et tuberculose multifocale ganglionnaire et pulmonaire. A propos d'un cas.

This report describes a case of mental confusion associated with ongoing adenitis and pulmonary tuberculosis in a 20-year-old man with no history of psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings. Tranquillizers improved mental status and antituberculosis treatment was administered before referring the patient to an internal medicine department. The authors emphasize the rarity of these cases in the Senegalese medical literature and discuss possible diagnostic pitfalls.

[Apropos of 1 attempted suicide with a fire arm in an adolescent]. / A propos d'une tentative de suicide par arme à feu chez un adolescent.

This is the presentation of an adolescent's clinical case who tried to commit suicide with a fire arm during a depressive crisis. An emphasis is placed on the family interaction model and on a more global approach of the patient's personality. The authors underlined some of the problems raised by the diagnostic approach linked to the delirious syndrome, full of psychotic elements: themes of persecution, mystico-religious themes associated with impulsive escapade, all of them going with a depressive state. They gave also an important place to a pluridisciplanary treatment in those particular stages of crisis.

[Clinical aspects of hysteria at the psychiatric clinic of the Fann University Hospital Center. Apropos of a prospective study of 121 cases]. / Aspects cliniques de l'hystérie à la clinique psychiatrique du CHU de Fann. A propos d'une étude prospective de 121 cas.

This work was done at the Psychiatry Service of CHU of Fann in Dakar during the year 1994. It is a transversal study made by inquiry on the basis of a questionnaire centered on the clinical description and the starting factors in a population of 1025 adult-patients, received on external consultation. It enabled its authors to realize that hysteria was the second cause of consultation after schizophrenias. The starting factors of troubles are mainly conflicts (disturbance of inter-personal relationship) in 49.6% of the cases, and difficulties of daily life, causing annoyance and stress. On the clinical level, polymorphism of the hysterical signs has been found out as much in the level of paroxysmal signs, as in the level of lasting signs. The frequency of big Charcot attacks, often considered as unusual, has been observed in this study in 10% of the patients. Moreover, on the level of the personality structure, only 103 patients have been identified (i.e. 85.1%) to have shown a hysterical personality type.