[Parkour--"art of movement" and its injury risk]. / Parkour--"Kunst der Fortbewegung" und ihr Verletzungsrisiko.

INTRODUCTION: Parkour sport is the playfully breaching of obstacles originally not created to get from A to B in the fastest manner. There have been only few publications on injuries in this young and trendy sport mainly performed in urban areas. The aim of this study is to analyse parkour-related acute injuries and their factors. METHODS: For the retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of n = 266 traceurs (m: n = 255, w: n = 11) completed anonymized online questionnaires. RESULTS: On average, each traceur sustained 1.9 injuries per sport career/year, or 5.5 injuries/1000 h training, respectively. The upper extremity was the most affected body region (58 %), followed by the lower extremity (27 %), head and the back. An increase of injuries from proximal to distal was observed in the upper extremity. However, for the lower extremity it was the opposite. Of all injuries, the most common were skin abrasions (70.3 %). Muscle injuries were observed in 13.1 % of the traceurs, followed by dislocations (6.1 %), and soft tissue (e. g., ligaments, tendons) injuries (5.3 %). Passive precautionary measures were abandoned by the majority of the traceurs (88 %). Landing belonged to the movement elements resulting in most of the injuries (61 %), followed by supportive and static efforts of the arms (10.7 %). Overestimation (23 %) as well as misjudging the situation (20 %) were the most common causes. CONCLUSION: Other than expected, parkour is an urban movement style with most of the injuries being neither severe nor common despite the lack of precautionary measures. Localisation and type of injuries reflect the characteristic movement elements. There is a need for further investigations to allow a more differentiated analysis in order to develop injury prevention concepts.

[The behavior of the Q-fever agent, Coxiella burnetii, in birds. 3. Experimental infection of quail]. / Zum Verhalten des Q-Fieber-Erregers, Coxiella burnetii, in Vögeln. 3. Mitteilung: Experimentelle infektion von Wachteln.

After simultaneous aerogenic and alimentary infection of quail by intra-nasal inoculation of a suspension of C. burnetii, the agent was reisolated 6 h after infection from lung and gut, from the 3rd day on from the spleen, at the 8th and 10th day from blood, and from the 8th day on from liver and kidney. C.burnetii was found in various organs up to 21 days after infection. In the majority of birds agglutinating antibodies could be demonstrated from the 18th day up to termination of the experiment 66 days after infection. On the basis of these results the course of a C. burnetii infection in birds is discussed.

Anti-ovalbumin sensitizing ability of influenza vaccines in guinea pigs.

The anti-ovalbumin sensitizing ability of four highly purified commercial influenza vaccines was tested in guinea pigs by means of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Aluminimum-adsorbed and fluid vaccines as well as pretreatments by one or two subcutaneous inoculations were compared. The two adsorbed vaccines induced significant sensitization after just one inoculation while the two fluid vaccines revealed their sensitizing ability almost exclusively after repeated administration.

Ferrihemoglobin and kidney lesions in rats produced by 4-aminophenol or 4-dimethylaminophenol.

4-Dimethylaminophenol hydrochloride (DMAP), 20mg/kg i.v., was found to oxidize in rats as much as 50% of the hemoglobin to ferrihemoglobin but did not cause kidney lesions. 4-Aminophenol hydrochloride, 400 mg/kg i.v., oxidized only 25% of the hemoglobin and produced large tubular necroses. In highly toxic doses only, e.g., twice the LD50, DMAP also produced tubular necroses.

[Cellular kinetics of the primary immune response after application of phytohemagglutinin]. / Zur zellulären Kinetik der primären Immunantwort nach Phytohämagglutiningabe

The Jerne technique, a proved method for detecting the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in spleen, shows an immunosuppressive effect of phytohemagglutine (PHA) on primary immune response. Kinetic studies are done on 300 NMRI mice, considering the number of PFC/10-8 spleen cells. Significant suppressions of the primary immune response are found if PHA is applied either one day before or together with antigen provided that studies are done 3, 4 or 5 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The role of activated T-lymphocytes concerning the diminution of immune response is discussed.