Two Consecutive Invasive Surgeries Utilizing Zymogen Protein C (ZPC) That Enhanced Patient Safety and Reduced Costs.

This case report describes a major surgical procedure for a protein C-deficient, hypercoagulable patient who underwent two back-to-back invasive surgeries, hip replacement, and spinal stenosis correction. The patient, an 84-year-old male with a history of deep vein thromboses (DVT) and pulmonary emboli (PE), was treated pre-, peri-, and postoperatively with zymogen protein C (ZPC-Baxter, International) and recovered without clotting or increased bleeding. During the procedure, the patient was not administered any other anticoagulants. There have now been several case reports on different patients with unrelated teams in various locations worldwide using zymogen protein C during surgical procedures. Thus, this procedure is becoming a viable choice for patients with a high probability of clotting during and after invasive surgery. This case focuses on accomplishing safer surgery and reducing costs, by using less ZPC while accomplishing two surgeries in one procedure. As a result, this procedure might be useful for many medical situations where acquired protein C deficiency could be a problem (e.g., sepsis, pregnancy, etc.). This approach may have greater application to medical conditions other than protein C deficiency, where clotting and inflammation can become issues.

ISOTT from the Beginning: A Tribute to Our Deceased Members (Icons).

ISOTT was founded by Drs. Duane F. Bruley and Haim I. Bicher in the state of South Carolina, USA in 1973. The symposium was jointly held at Clemson University (Clemson, SC, USA) and the Medical College of South Carolina (Charleston, SC, USA), which are geographically located 260 miles apart. This venue resulted from Dr. Bruley's (Clemson University) wish to have a meeting on Oxygen Transport to Tissue and with it to honor the research collaboration between the two universities and Dr. Melvin H. Knisely's accomplishments on studies regarding "blood sludging" in the microcirculation. Because of the unexpected large response to the symposium, Drs. Bruley and Bicher decided to found an international society at this meeting (ISOTT). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the formalization of ISOTT and to honor important contributors to the society who have since passed away. The authors did their best to include a brief overview of our past icons who have excelled in leadership as well as science/engineering, and apologize if someone has been mistakenly left out or if data is inaccurate or incomplete.

A Compelling Case for the Use of Perioperative Zymogen Protein C for Increased Patient Safety.

It is imperative to maintain normal blood flow to provide adequate oxygen supply to specific organs and cells, as well as for the removal of metabolic byproducts. Therefore, any situation that results in blood clotting can injure or kill living tissues. In this paper, we describe a case where a protein C deficient subject who would, by all medical indicators, be at 100 % risk of experiencing thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and or lung emboli, is able to escape all pathologies by using perioperative zymogen protein C (ZPC). This protein C deficient patient has a long history of blood clotting, particularly from surgical procedures. The patient is 81 years old and first experienced clotting due to hernia surgery in 1964, when he was hospitalized for 16 days post-surgery with life threatening complications. It was later determined in 1980, after many episodes, that the patient had hereditary protein C deficiency at the 38 % level. In his hernia surgery, perioperative ZPC was used along with accepted anticoagulation procedures with no blood clots or other related side effects occurring. This procedure can greatly benefit protein C deficient patients, and could potentially find use for non-PC deficient patients in surgeries and a variety of other medical treatments. This particular case helps to validate the importance of ZPC in effecting safer surgery in high-risk patients. It also supports the mechanism of ZPC acting as an anticoagulant without causing bleeding. Most importantly, each clinical case study represents a unique combination of surgeon, hematologist, medical staff, and patient functioning as a coordinated team. In this case, smaller amounts of very expensive ZPC achieved safe and efficacious results, which is hugely important for future clinical applications when considering the production cost of ZPC. More studies must be done to establish minimum dosing while achieving safe and efficacious outcomes.