ABSTRACT
The title complex, [Zn(C2H8N2)3][ZnCl4], exists as discrete ions. The [Zn(C2H8N2)3]2+ cation exhibits a distorted octa-hedral shape. In the [ZnCl4]2- anion, the ZnII atom is in an almost regular tetra-hedral environment. The crystal packing is consolidated by N-Hâ¯Cl and C-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonds.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in pregnancy, resulting in significant maternal morbidity/mortality and fetal loss. Although the incidence of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) has decreased in developed countries, it is still common in developing nations. METHODS: A prospective observational study was done between January 2010 and December 2014 to report the incidence, clinical spectrum, maternal and fetal outcome of AKI in pregnancy. RESULTS: Total number of patients: 130; mean age: 25.4 ± 4.73 years. The incidence of AKI in pregnancy was 7.8%. Most of the AKI was noted in postpartum period (68%). Etiology of AKI was sepsis (39%), pre-eclampsia (21%), placental abruption (10%), acute diarrheal disease complicating pregnancy (10%), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (9%), postpartum hemorrhage (2%) and glomerular diseases (9%). Renal biopsy (n = 46) done in these patients showed renal cortical necrosis (16), TMA (11), acute tubular injury (9), acute tubulointerstitial disease (1) and glomerular disease (9). Live births occurred in 42% of patients with vaginal delivery in 34% cases. Thirty-four patients were managed conservatively, while 96 required dialysis. Complete recovery occurred in 56% and about 36% had persistent renal failure at 3 months. Mortality rate observed was 8%. In univariate analysis, low mean platelet count, higher peak serum creatinine, dialysis dependency at presentation and histopathologically presence of cortical necrosis and TMA predicted the progression to chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: AKI in pregnancy was common in postpartum period and sepsis being the commonest cause.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Kidney Cortex Necrosis/pathology , Kidney/pathology , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Sepsis/complications , Abruptio Placentae , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Adult , Biopsy , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Kidney Cortex Necrosis/epidemiology , Postpartum Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Postpartum Period , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Thrombotic Microangiopathies/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
The title compound, [ZnCl2(C8H11N)2], was synthesized by the reaction of zinc dichloride and 4-ethyl-aniline. The Zn(2+) cation is coordinated by two Cl(-) anions and the N atoms of two 4-ethyl-aniline ligands, forming a distorted Zn(N2Cl2) tetra-hedron. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 85.3â (2)° The Zn atom lies on a twofold rotation axis. The ethyl substituents are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.74â (2):0.26â (2) ratio. In the crystal, N-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into sheets perpendicular to the a axis. C-Hâ¯Cl inter-actions also occur.
