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1.
J Agric Food Chem ; 65(8): 1740-1749, 2017 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28161956

ABSTRACT

Lipid transfer protein (LTP) is the main causative agent for rare food allergic reactions to maize. This paper describes a new, validated ELISA that accurately measures maize LTP concentrations from 0.2 to 6.4 ng/mL. The levels of LTP ranged from 171 to 865 µg/g of grain, a 5.1-fold difference, across a set of 49 samples of maize B73 hybrids derived from the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founder lines and a diverse collection of landrace accessions from North and South America. A second set of 107 unique samples from 18 commercial hybrids grown over two years across 10 U.S. states showed a comparable range of LTP level (212-751 µg/g of grain). Statistical analysis showed that genetic and environmental factors contributed 63 and 6%, respectively, to the variance in LTP levels. Therefore, the natural variation of maize LTP is up to 5-fold different across a diverse collection of varieties that have a history of safe cultivation and consumption.


Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Plant Proteins/analysis , Zea mays/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/immunology , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/immunology , Zea mays/genetics , Zea mays/immunology
2.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 292(1): 236-42, 2002 Mar 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11890698

ABSTRACT

A drastic increase of antifungal activity was demonstrated during plant seed germination and in seed protein extract in vitro. Multiple antifungal proteins with a wide spectrum of activity were generated and identified. Chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that during seed germination, more fractions with potent antifungal activity were generated, and the antifungal activity shifted from small molecules to high molecular proteins. This germination-related increase of antifungal activity were observed in all three plants tested, i.e., cheeseweed, cigar tree and wheat. This rapid increase of antifungal activity was also observed with incubation of seed proteins in vitro, suggesting that at least part of the antifungal protein generation is independent of gene expression. Seven antifungal proteins with activities against five different plant pathogens were isolated from the active fractions. However, random digestion of purified seed protein with multiple proteinases failed to generate any antifungal proteins. It is suggested that during plant seed germination, a regulated biochemical process takes place that results in the generation of multiple peptides or proteins with antifungal activities. This onset of antifungal proteins is transitional in nature, but could play an important role in the protection of plants in early stage of development when the more sophisticated defense system has yet to develop.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Proteins/pharmacology , Seeds/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Germination , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Kinetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Proteins/isolation & purification , Seeds/growth & development , Triticum/chemistry , Triticum/growth & development
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