Artificial Intelligence in pathology: current applications, limitations, and future directions.

PURPOSE: Given AI's recent success in computer vision applications, majority of pathologists anticipate that it will be able to assist them with a variety of digital pathology activities. Massive improvements in deep learning have enabled a synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning, enabling image-based diagnosis against the backdrop of digital pathology. AI-based solutions are being developed to eliminate errors and save pathologists time. AIMS: In this paper, we will discuss the components that went into the use of Artificial Intelligence in Pathology, its use in the medical profession, the obstacles and constraints that it encounters, and the future possibilities of AI in the medical field. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these factors, we elaborate upon the use of AI in medical pathology and provide future recommendations for its successful implementation in this field.

Lipsticks: The Microbial Cellar: An Original Study.

BACKGROUND: Microbial contamination of cosmetics products is of incredible significance since it will not only cause significant health hazardous but also act as a potential source of infections. Contamination will cause spoilage of the item and when pathogenic they become a genuine threat for its users. AIM: To evaluate the bacterial contamination in regularly used lipsticks. OBJECTIVES: To identify the pathogenic organism present in the lipsticks. To understand the potential complications of the organisms identified. Comparing the microbial count in used and new lipsticks.

Prevalence of smoking among dental students and gauging their knowledge about tobacco cessation methods: An original study.

AIMS: The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence and type of tobacco use among dental students and to identify the factors that influence them to initiate tobacco use. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Dental students at two dental colleges affiliated to State Health University of Kerala answered a 20-item questionnaire during Jan-Feb 2015 that investigated their smoking habits and knowledge about the risk factors of smoking habits. The questions were based on the modified Global Health Professional Students Survey (GHPSS) by WHO. Some additional questions were also added from Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) by WHO to meet the objective of this study. RESULT: Current smoking was reported by 17% of the participants. None of the participants smoked more than half a packet of cigarette. More students from families with at least one tobacco user were using tobacco than those from families with no members using tobacco (51.2 versus 37.0%, respectively). The majority of dental students (92%) considered education on tobacco use cessation to be the responsibility of dentists/doctors. CONCLUSION: One of the main aims of this study was to shed light on the knowledge and attitudes of dental students on tobacco use cessation. Fairly high number of participants reported receiving inadequate information on tobacco cessation during their studies. Dental students should be taught and encouraged early on to routinely discuss with smokers the impacts of smoking on health.

Connecting forensic odontology among medical practitioners in central Kerala - An original study.

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: The word forensic, defined by Clark, is derived from the Latin word "forensis," which means "before the forum." Odontology refers to the study of teeth. Even though the scope of forensic odontology is well established among dental professionals, its practical application lies largely in the hands of medicolegal professionals. The interaction between the above mentioned two communities is highly crucial for the proper application of forensic odontology in medicolegal issues. AIM: The main aim of this study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic odontology among medical practitioners in central Kerala since they are the connecting link between victims and the forensic odontologists. RESULTS: A total of 200 medical practitioners had participated in the study, and the response rate was 100%. The study indicated that medical practitioners who are having an experience of above 15 years had more knowledge regarding forensic odontology when compared with those below 15 years of experience. However, the awareness of modern technologies in forensic odontology and latest techniques to register dental markings were found to be more prevalent among doctors with less than 15 years of experience.

Polychaete Community of a Marine Protected Area along the West Coast of India-Prior and Post the Tropical Cyclone, Phyan.

Tropical cyclones are extreme random meteorological events that can have profound implications to coastal biodiversities. Given that the frequency, intensity and duration of these events are poised to increase due to the global climate change, understanding the ecological impacts of such erratic occurrences becomes imperative to devise better management strategies. The eventful passage of the tropical cyclone, Phyan, along the northwestern coast of India in November 2009, coupled with the availability of historical data presented a rare opportunity to elucidate the consequences on the polychaete assemblages of the Malvan Marine Sanctuary and their subsequent recovery. This was achieved by comparison of the pre- and post-Phyan seasonal data from four different sites in and around the Sanctuary. MDS analyses and polychaete community parameters suggested conspicuous cyclone related effects on the polychaete community characteristics in the three outer stations off Malvan, whereas the relatively protected bay station remained more or less unscathed. Impacts, attributable to the cyclone apart from seasonal variations, included changes in polychaete composition, reductions in total polychaete density, species diversity, evenness and functional groups. Dominance of the opportunistic polychaete, Paraprionospiopatiens was all pervasive just after Phyan, resulting in poor diversity and evenness values. In the outer stations, diverse feeding modes present prior to the cyclone were replaced by microphagous feeders post the disturbance. However, the study also observed complete recovery as substantiated by the improvement inpolychaete density, diversity indices and re-instatement of multiple feeding guilds in affected areas. This resilience of the coastal waters off Malvan is attributed to its marine protected status, implying that reduced human interference aided rapid revival of damaged ecosystems.