ABSTRACT
Two types of interventions to remyelinate the adult demyelinated central nervous system were investigated in heterozygous transgenic mice overexpressing the proteolipid protein gene. 1) A cocktail of trophic factors, "TS1," was directed toward the activation of the endogenous pool of neural progenitors to increase the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL) in the brain. 2) A combinatorial approach in which OL progenitors were coinjected with TS1 into the corpus callosum of wild-type and He4e transgenic mice that displayed hindlimb paralysis. The levels of locomotor ability in these mice were evaluated after a single treatment. The data showed that a single administration of either one of the interventions had similar therapeutic effects, alleviating the symptoms of demyelination and leading to the recovery of hindlimb function. Histological and immunofluorescent examination of brain sections showed extensive remyelination that was sufficient to reverse hindlimb paralysis in transgenic mice. When the interventions were administered prior to hindlimb paralysis, He4e mice were able to walk up to 1 year of age without paralysis.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/metabolism , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism , Demyelinating Diseases/pathology , Myelin Proteolipid Protein/metabolism , Recovery of Function/physiology , Amidines/metabolism , Animals , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Corpus Callosum/metabolism , Corpus Callosum/transplantation , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Demyelinating Diseases/genetics , Demyelinating Diseases/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Gangliosides/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Hindlimb/drug effects , Hindlimb/physiopathology , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology , Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism , Myelin Proteolipid Protein/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nestin , Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism , Neuroglia/chemistry , Recovery of Function/drug effects , Recovery of Function/genetics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
This study evaluated the adverse effects of carprofen in seven healthy cats. Values for CBC, biochemical profiles and platelet aggregation were measured before and at seven days after SID treatment with subcutaneous carprofen: 4 mg/kg (day 1), 2mg/kg (day 2 and 3) and 1mg/kg (day 4 and 6) (CG) or 0.35 ml of saline (SG) for six days in a randomized, blinded, cross-over study with a four-week washout period. No treatment was given on day 5. Endoscopy of the GI tract was performed pre-treatment and on day 7 post-treatment. There were no significant changes in hematological profiles, biochemical profiles and endoscopy grading scores within nor between groups, except for lower albumin values at baseline than on day 7 (CG), and globulin and ALP values were higher at baseline than on day 7 in CG and SG. SC administration of carprofen over six days did not cause any adverse effects on gastrointestinal, hematological, or serum biochemical variables.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Carbazoles/toxicity , Cats/blood , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Blood Cell Count/veterinary , Carbazoles/administration & dosage , Creatinine/blood , Cross-Over Studies , Endoscopy/veterinary , Female , Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects , Hematocrit/veterinary , Hemoglobins/analysis , Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary , Male , Platelet Aggregation/physiology , Platelet Count/veterinary , Random Allocation , Urea/blood , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
Prevalence, distribution and density of gastric helicobacter colonization were determined in 50 healthy dogs, characterizing the macroscopic and microcospic aspects of their mucosa. Helicobacter prevalence was 96 percent, with greater distribution in the gastric fundus and body. Although the presence of macroscopic alterations was high (58 percent), it was characterized as mild due to the predominance of less severe ones (65.5 percent). High prevalence of mostly monoclear cell infriltate (64.7 percent) was noted. Association between the presence of helicobacter and macro and microscopic alterations was not observed
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Dogs , Dogs , Gastroscopy/methods , Gastroscopy/veterinary , Helicobacter/pathogenicity , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Avaliaram-se as alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 do sangue arterial e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de 11 cavalos adultos da raça Arabe, submetidos a exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade. Antes do exercício, no intervalo dos 15 segundos finais de cada mudança de velocidade e aos 1, 3 e 5 minutos após o término do exercício foram coletadas amostras de sangue arterial e venoso para a mensuração dos gases sangüíneos e da concentração de lactato. O exercício resultou em diminuição do pH, da pressão parcial de O2 (P O2) e da pressão parcial de CO2 (P CO2). A concentração de lactato sangüíneo elevou-se exponencialmente a partir da velocidade de 8,0m/s até os momentos após término do exercício.
Changes in arterial blood pH, P O2 and P CO2, and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill were investigated. Eleven horses were submitted to a conditioning period as well as to the incremental exercise test. The arterial and venous blood samples were obtained to evaluate the blood gas values and lactate concentration, prior to the beginning of the exercise, on the last 15 final seconds between every change of speed and at the 1, 3 and 5 minutes after the exercise. A decrease in pH, partial pressure of oxygen (P O2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO2) and the blood lactate levels exponentially increase beyond the speed of 8m/s, during the incremental exercise test.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cardiovascular System , Horses , Hypoxia , Hypercapnia/complications , Hypercapnia/veterinary , Lactates/blood , Exercise Test/veterinary , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiologyABSTRACT
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To our knowledge no studies evaluating risk factors to EIPH have been undertaken with such a population of horses in Brazil, which is one of the few countries in the racing community to accept the use of frusemide (FUR) as a prerace medication for bleeders. We also compared national results with those already in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To verify the influence of variables such as distance of the race, racetrack surface, going and season of the year in the recurrence and severity of EIPH and its effect on the finishing position of flat racing Thoroughbreds in Brazil. METHODS: 2118 post race respiratory endoscopies were recorded, in a total of 1003 individual horses. All horses in the study were certified bleeders (deemed positive by registered veterinarians following one or more endoscopies) and were administered FUR prior to each race. Data was analysed using both ordinary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The results suggest that race distance, season of the year and racetrack surface affect the recurrence of EIPH. Also, despite the use of FUR, the majority (62%) of horses continued to display some degree of haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: There was a tendency for horses that remained positive despite the use of FUR to finish unplaced in a race. Horses which had a significant reduction in bleeding and became HPIE negative after the use of FUR, tended to finish in top positions. It was not possible to determine a pattern of severity of EIPH in horses with more than one endoscopy. Further studies are required to improve our understanding of this syndrome and its correlations to performance in the racing Thoroughbred, together with the role of FUR and its possible enhancing performance effects and efficacy in consistently diminishing EIPH. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study enabled a better understanding of the use of FUR in Brazilian Thoroughbred racehorses and showed there was a tendency towards improvement in performance after administrion of FUR in bleeders. The fact that a large number of horses remained positive for EIPH despite the use of FUR should encourage the scientific community to search for better ways of reducing, or preventing, this syndrome.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhage/veterinary , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Lung Diseases/veterinary , Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects , Animals , Bronchoscopy/veterinary , Diuretics/pharmacology , Female , Furosemide/pharmacology , Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Hemorrhage/pathology , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horses , Lung Diseases/epidemiology , Lung Diseases/pathology , Male , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Seasons , Severity of Illness Index , Time FactorsABSTRACT
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