ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of timing of mental health interventions in workers' compensation claims for mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). METHODS: A 10-year matched retrospective cohort study of MTBI claims. Cases who started treatment within 3 months of the date of injury were hard matched to cases who started treatment more than 3 months after the date of injury. Outcomes were incremental cost difference and loss of earnings benefit duration 1 year after first intervention. RESULTS: Seventeen percent (17%) of patients received mental health interventions. The early mental health intervention group had lower mean costs (incremental difference$1580 [95% CI: $5718 to $2085]) and shorter durations of disability (off loss of earnings) (59.2% versus 46.6%, NS). Sensitivity and stratified analyses demonstrated the same trend. CONCLUSIONS: Early mental health interventions for MTBI patients may lead to reduced health care costs and shorter durations of disability.
Subject(s)
Brain Concussion , Workers' Compensation , Cohort Studies , Humans , Mental Health , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a new workers' compensation medical assessment model on loss of earnings (LOE) benefits duration. METHODS: A medical assessment model was introduced incorporating return to work planning and inclusion of the worker's treating physician. Impact of the program on LOE benefit duration was assessed using a quasi-experimental pre-post study design. Cox PH multivariable regression was adjusted for age, gender, injury severity, time to referral, and industry. RESULTS: The study population comprised 3146 workers: 1794 assessed pre-intervention and 1574 assessed after introduction of the new model. There was a significant reduction in LOE benefit duration for workers assessed in the new model (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.23-1.43). CONCLUSIONS: The probability of being off LOE benefits for workers assessed in the new program was 33% greater than for workers assessed in the prior program.
Subject(s)
Occupational Injuries/rehabilitation , Patient Care Planning/organization & administration , Return to Work/statistics & numerical data , Work Capacity Evaluation , Workers' Compensation/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Injuries/diagnosis , Occupational Injuries/economics , Ontario , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Patient Care Planning/economics , Program Evaluation , Proportional Hazards Models , Return to Work/economicsSubject(s)
Dental Amalgam/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Mercury/analysis , Preconception Care/methods , Adult , Dental Amalgam/chemistry , Diet/adverse effects , Directive Counseling/methods , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Female , Humans , Medical History Taking , Mercury/toxicity , Physical Examination , Seafood/adverse effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Systemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms mediating the association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen are biomarkers of systemic inflammation that are independent risk factors for cardio-vascular disease. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between ambient air pollution and systemic inflammation using baseline measurements of IL-6 and fibrinogen from controlled human exposure studies. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis we used repeated-measures data in 45 nonsmoking subjects. Hourly and daily moving averages were calculated for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter Subject(s)
Air Pollution/adverse effects
, Fibrinogen/metabolism
, Interleukin-6/blood
, Adult
, Air Pollution/analysis
, Biomarkers/blood
, Environmental Exposure
, Female
, Humans
, Inflammation Mediators/blood
, Male
, Middle Aged
, Regression Analysis
, Retrospective Studies
, Seasons
, Young Adult