ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Over the counter cosmetics sold for local treatment of slight to moderate rosacea often state the claim of actively modulating rosacea pathogenesis. Factors involved in the pathogenesis of this common yet complex skin disorder include kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5), LL-37, as well as protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). OBJECTIVE: The objective was to prove the modulating effect of the cosmetic skin care agent Dermasence Refining Gel (DRG) on factors involved in rosacea pathogenesis. METHODS: We analyzed the effect of DRG on the expression of KLK5, LL-37, PAR2, and VEGF in an in vitro skin model of human reconstituted epidermis. RESULTS: The expression of CAMP (LL-37 gene, fold change -4.19 [±0.11]), VEGFA (fold change -2.55 [±0.12]) and PAR2 (-1.33 [±0.12]) was reduced, KLK5 expression increased (fold change 2.06 (±0.08)) after 18 h of treatment with DRG in comparison to treatment with the matrix gel only. The reduction in CAMP expression was significant (P<.01). The protein expression of all four inflammatory markers was markedly reduced after 18 hours of DRG treatment in comparison to baseline (0 hour), by measure of fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSION: We show evidence explaining the anti-inflammatory effect of Dermasence Refining Gel in rosacea pathogenesis in vitro. The adjunctive use of DRG in mild to moderate rosacea as a topical cosmetic seems medically reasonable.
Subject(s)
Cosmetics/pharmacology , Gene Expression/drug effects , Rosacea/genetics , Rosacea/metabolism , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/genetics , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism , Epidermis/drug effects , Gels , Humans , Kallikreins/genetics , Kallikreins/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptor, PAR-2 , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism , Rosacea/drug therapy , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , CathelicidinsABSTRACT
The influences of different arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) on proliferation and IgM-production of mouse lymphocytes as well as nitrite- and IL6-production of mouse macrophages were investigated in vitro. AGPs have been isolated and purified from roots of Baptisia tinctoria and Echinacea pallida and suspension culture of Echinacea purpurea. Comparing the AGPs, there are differences with regard to fine structure as well as to activities. AGPs from roots of B. tinctoria and E. pallida show high activity in all test systems. AGP from cell culture of E. purpurea shows no influence on proliferation of mouse lymphocytes, only weak influence on the IgM-production of mouse lymphocytes and weak stimulation of nitrite- and IL6-production in alveolar mouse macrophage culture.
Subject(s)
Echinacea/chemistry , Fabaceae/chemistry , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects , Mucoproteins/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Immunoglobulin M/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism , Mice , Mucoproteins/isolation & purification , Nitrites/metabolism , Plant Proteins/isolation & purification , Plant Proteins/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistryABSTRACT
Flow cytometric investigations show binding of an isolated arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) from pressed juice of the aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea to the cell surface of human leucocytes. AGP demonstrates binding to lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes of different donors (n=8). Competition assays with two antibodies, directed against CD4 and CD8, revealed no interaction of AGP with these receptors, leading to the conclusion that binding of AGP to leucocytes is mediated via other structures.
