ABSTRACT
Currently, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been widely used to assess the glycemic control of patients with diabetes. However, HbA1c has certain limitations in describing both short-term and long-term glycemic control. To more accurately evaluate the glycemic control of diabetes patients, the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has emerged. CGM technology can provide robust data on short-term glycemic control and introduce new monitoring parameters such as time in range, time above range, and time below range as indicators of glycemic fluctuation. These indicators are used to describe the changes in glycemic control after interventions in clinical research or treatment modifications in diabetes patient care. Recent studies both domestically and internationally have shown that these indicators are not only associated with microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus but also closely related to cardiovascular disease complications and prognosis. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review the association between CGM-based glycemic parameters and cardiovascular disease complications by analyzing a large number of domestic and international literature. The purpose is to provide scientific evidence and guidance for the standardized application of these indicators in clinical practice, in order to better evaluate the glycemic control of diabetes patients and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular disease complications. This research will contribute to improving the quality of life for diabetes patients and provide important references for clinical decision-making.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Blood Glucose , Cardiovascular Diseases , Glycated Hemoglobin , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Glycemic Control , Glycemic Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complicationsABSTRACT
Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis. Although surgical resection is the optimal treatment for hepatic AE, some patients with hepatic AE located in special introhepatic sites cannot be radically cured by conventional surgery. Here, we report that a 10-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with occupying liver lesions for 6 months. Computed tomography examination showed irregular mixed-density masses in the right lobe and caudate lobe of the liver, with partial invasion of the right hepatic artery, right hepatic vein, and right branch of the portal vein. The patient was preoperatively diagnosed with hepatic AE, which cannot be cured by conventional liver lobectomy. The patient underwent semi-ex vivo liver resection with autologous liver transplantation (second hepatic portal reconstruction, posterior hepatic inferior vena cava repair, and hepatic artery repair) and biliary-intestinal anastomosis. After hospital discharge, she has kept living a healthy life without disease recurrence for 13 months until the end of the last follow-up. This case shows that semi-ex vivo hepatectomy with autologous liver transplantation might be a feasible and safe choice for certain patients with AE located in special introhepatic sites, which has provided novel experiences for the surgical treatment of hepatic AE.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis, Hepatic , Echinococcosis , Liver Transplantation , Female , Humans , Child , Hepatectomy/adverse effects , Hepatectomy/methods , Echinococcosis/diagnostic imaging , Echinococcosis/surgery , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnostic imaging , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgeryABSTRACT
The present study reports a rare case of Taenia saginata infection, which was initially diagnosed as acute cholecystitis in a Tibetan patient at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pastoral area, China. A 45-year-old female was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis at a hospital in China. She had a slight fever, weight loss and constipation and complained of pain in the upper abdomen and left back areas. Increase of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil levels were shown. Taenia sp. eggs were detected in a fecal examination. An adult tapeworm approximately 146 cm in length, whitish-yellow color, was collected from the patient after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The adult tapeworm had a scolex and proglottids with genital pores. The scolex was rectangular shape with 4 suckers and rostellum without hooklet. The cox1 gene sequence shared 99.5-99.8% homology with that of T. saginata from other regions in China. The patient was diagnosed finally infected with T. saginata by morphological and molecular charateristics.
Subject(s)
Cholecystitis, Acute , Taenia saginata , Taenia , Taeniasis , Adult , Animals , China , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Taenia/genetics , Taenia saginata/genetics , Taeniasis/diagnosis , TibetABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Sibiraea angustata on lipid metabolism in hight-fatted SD rats. METHODS: After the obese model was built,Sibiraea angustata was administrated intragastrically to obese rats for 8 weeks. Peeled off fat around kidneys and made pathological tissue sections. The number and size of adipocytes were detected. The levels of adiponectin, adipoR2, AMPK, and PPARgamma mRNA in adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR. AMPK protein expression in adipose tissue were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the diameter of adipocytes were reduced while the number increased after adminiseration of Sibiraea angustata for 8 weeks. The levels of adiponectin, adipoR2, AMPK and PPARgamma mRNA were increased siginficantly. The expression of AMPK protein was also up-regulated significantly. CONCLUSION: Sibiraea angustata has anti-obesity effect. The mechanism may be related to the adiponectin signal transduction pathway.