Prevalence and Characteristics of Sleep Disorders in Children Aged 7-17: Insights from Parental Observations at the Dental Office.

Sleep disorders (SD) in children is a topic of great relevance due to their impact on a child's general health. This has led us to study their prevalence and the factors that disturb them in the developing population. Using a validated Likert-type questionnaire, different behaviors observed by the parents during the different phases of their children's sleep were evaluated during the last 6 months. A total of 206 children between the ages of 7 and 17 who attended a dental office participated in the study. The prevalence of SD was 47.6%. There were no significant differences regarding the SD in relation to sex (p = 0.796). The mean total score for children aged 7 to 11 years old was 42.3 (±14.25) compared to 45.44 (±15.51) for the group consisting of children aged 12 to 17 years old, reporting a statistically significant difference among both age groups (p = 0.01). The most frequent disorder was related to initiating and maintaining sleep (64.9%) while the least prevalent were the respiratory sleep disorders (27.2%). Given the high prevalence of these disorders, it is necessary to intercept them during childhood and establish educational guidelines in this regard throughout primary care.

Prevalence of Possible Sleep Bruxism and Its Association with Social and Orofacial Factors in Preschool Population.

The prevalence of bruxism in the preschool population varies according to different investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism and its relationship with social and orofacial factors in children aged 3 to 5 years. Three hundred forty-three preschool children were divided into two groups, one with nocturnal bruxism, as reported by parents, and another without this disorder. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents to determine the children's family social status and parafunctional habits at the time of the study. The clinical inspection confirmed the presence of certain parafunctional habits and the children's occlusal characteristics. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency chi-square tests to identify the influence of qualitative variables. Of the total sample, 28.9% of preschoolers presented sleep bruxism. The highest prevalence was observed in boys (61.6%) at the age of 5 years (41.4%). Characteristics associated with this pathology were lip incompetence, open bite, crossbite, and overbite, with p < 0.05. Sleep bruxism in preschool children has a higher prevalence in boys and is more frequently expressed from 5 years of age. Open bite, overbite, and crossbite should be considered factors associated with parafunction.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pulp Chamber and Coronal Tooth of Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study.

The anatomical variability of primary molars promotes research to improve clinical restorative activity, forensic identification, and industrial development. The objective was to study the morphology of the pulp chamber and its three-dimensional relationship with the external morphology of the tooth. A total of 151 deciduous molars were collected and subjected to three-dimensional imaging analysis in order to determine dental crown (CV) and pulp chamber (PV) volumes, their ratio (VR), pulp chamber roof (PCR) and pulp chamber floor (PCF) area, the furcation length (FD), and morphological peculiarities. The data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS 26 software. The statistical analysis determined statistically significant differences between the four groups of molars for all variables. Great anatomical variability was observed, especially in the maxillary first molar, the volumes were higher in the maxillary second molar and the highest risk of furcal perforation was seen in the mandibular first molar. Additionally, mandibular second molars with six pulp horns, and some different density images compatible with accessory canals and pulp stones were found. Based on the findings of this investigation, we confirm the great anatomical variability that exists between the maxillary and mandibular molars.

Tratamiento endodóntico no instrumentado en dientes deciduos: reporte de caso / Non instrumentation endodontic techniques in deciduous teeth. case report

Actualmente, se han publicado diversos casos cl¡nicos que describen la esterilizaci¢n de la lesi¢n pulpar en dientes deciduos como un tratamiento alternativo a la pulpectom¡a, evitando la exodoncia en dientes con necrosis pulpar y absceso. El procedimiento incluye: anestesia local, aislamiento absoluto, apertura cameral, remoci¢n de la pulpa cameral, ampliaci¢n de la entrada a los conductos, colocaci¢n de una pasta triantibi¢tica y la restauraci¢n. Se presenta el reporte de caso de una ni¤a de 4 a¤os de edad, la cual acude a la Cl¡nica Estomatol¢gica Central de la Facultad de Estomatolog¡a Roberto Beltr n de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; con dolor, aumento de volumen en la regi¢n inferior izquierda y movilidad de la pieza 75. Radiogr ficamente se observa reabsorci¢n de la ra¡z distal de 1/3 y una lesi¢n osteol¡tica a nivel de la furcaci¢n. Por lo cual se decide realizar el tratamiento endod¢ntico no instrumentado de conductos, acompa¤ado de controles hasta los 12 meses, donde cl¡nicamente permanece asintom tico acompa¤ado con una regeneraci¢n de tejidos blandos, y radiogr ficamente una aposici¢n ¢sea en furca. Se concluye que el tratamiento endod¢ntico no instrumentado, muestra resultados prometedores y podr¡a ser una alternativa a la pulpectom¡a y/o exodoncia en dientes deciduos en algunos casos.

Now a days, clinical cases has been published in which describes the esterilization of pulpar lesi¢n on primary teeths as an alternative treatment to the pulpectomies avoiding the toot extractions on primary and necrotics or abscessed teeth. The procedure includes: local anesthesia, isolation with a rubber dam, remove the necrotic tissue from the coronal portionof the pulp chamber, enlarged of the canal orificie and a three mix paste placed over the pulpar floor. A case of 4 years old girl is presented in this work , that went to “Cl¡nica Estomatol¢gica Central de la Facultad de Estomatolog¡a Roberto Beltr n de la Universidad Cayetano Heredia”, with pain, mandibular left posterior swelling and mobility of her mandibular left second primary molar. X-ray shows 1/3 distal root resorption and furcation radiolucency. The clinical procedure ofnon- instrumented endodontic treatment was performed successfully and 12 months posterior controls was maded, in which soft tissue healing was showed, increased trabeculation in the furcation area, normal mobility and the patient was symptom-free. It concludes that this treatment shows promising results for the future pediatric dentistry and is an alterantive to pulpectomy and tooth extraction.