Uncommon Etiologies of Acute Abdominal Pain: A Case Report on Omental Infarction.

Omental infarction is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. The condition is often misdiagnosed due to its clinical similarity to more common abdominal pathologies like appendicitis and cholecystitis. This report presents the case of a 57-year-old female with a one-week history of left-sided abdominal pain, initially aggravated by eating and defecation. The patient, a long-term smoker with a complex medical history that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, was hemodynamically stable on presentation. A CT scan revealed a nodular infiltration consistent with an omental infarct. Conservative management was pursued, resulting in symptom resolution by the third day of hospitalization. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with omental infarction, particularly its differentiation from other causes of acute abdominal pain. It highlights the importance of considering rare etiologies in patients with atypical presentations and emphasizes the role of imaging, particularly CT scans, in accurate diagnosis. The patient's successful conservative management aligns with current recommendations, which advocate for non-surgical treatment in most cases. This approach avoids unnecessary surgical interventions and ensures a favorable prognosis with low complication rates in patients with prompt and appropriate management.

Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Upper Extremity: A Case Report on Diagnostic and Management Challenges.

Hematomas are a common occurrence in clinical practice, often resulting from trauma or underlying bleeding disorders. They can manifest with various symptoms depending on their location and size. While hematomas are typically straightforward to diagnose and manage, specific presentations can pose diagnostic challenges. We present the case of a growing post-traumatic right upper extremity mass in a 67-year-old male on anticoagulant medication, Xarelto (rivaroxaban) 20mg, with no history of bleeding disorders. Differential diagnoses include a benign lipoma or possible soft-tissue malignancy. The mass was surgically excised and sent to pathology, which confirmed it was a hematoma and led to a diagnosis of a chronic expanding hematoma. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are diagnostic modalities that can help distinguish different presentations. Despite the commonality of hematomas in clinical practice, atypical hematomas may also present unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to their varied clinical presentations and locations. This report underlines the importance of understanding hematomas' diverse etiologies, presentations, and imaging characteristics for appropriate treatment and diagnosis.

Graham Patch Repair of a Prepyloric Ulcer Complicated by Recurrent Abdominal Abscesses and Leukocytosis: A Case Report.

This case report describes the clinical course of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of anemia who presented to the emergency department with worsening diffuse abdominal pain and weakness two days after dental surgery. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, manifesting as tachycardia, diaphoresis, and a peritonitic abdomen. A CT scan revealed a perforated gastric ulcer, prompting emergent laparoscopy, Graham patch repair, and abdominal washout. Postoperatively, the patient developed leukocytosis, and imaging indicated the formation of an abscess. Despite initial attempts at percutaneous drainage, a subsequent exploratory laparotomy was performed. The patient's leukocytosis eventually resolved, and she was discharged after 21 days with outpatient follow-up. The discussion delves into the declining incidence of peptic ulcer disease but a constant rate of complications, emphasizing the role of factors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The diagnostic approach using CT scans in suspected perforated peptic ulcers is highlighted. The study also explores risk stratification scoring systems, with a preference for operative management. The laparoscopic omental patch repair (Graham patch) is discussed, citing its safety and efficacy. The case presented an uncommon occurrence of failed primary percutaneous abscess drainage, leading to subsequent surgical drainage. The discussion concludes by noting variables that may contribute to drainage failure and emphasizes the need for further research to understand such complications.

Challenges in the Management of Perianal Hidradenitis Suppurativa in an African American Male: A Case Report.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), more commonly known as acne inversa, occurs due to chronic inflammation of the body's apocrine glands, most commonly affecting areas of the body where there is prolonged skin-on-skin friction. HS affects approximately 4% of the United States population, most commonly women in their second or third decade of life, especially those of African American ethnicity. HS presents as tender subcutaneous nodules which often rupture, leading to the formation of painful dermal abscesses which undergo fibrosis and lead to the formation of extensive sinus tracts, a phenomenon known as "tunneling". HS is staged clinically using the Hurley staging system, where the stage determines what treatment modalities are used. These modalities can include medical management such as antibiotics, or biologics such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors like adalimumab, as well as surgical options including incision with or without drainage. Due to the similar presentation of HS with other conditions, this disease is commonly misdiagnosed, often leading to delayed treatment initiation and worse outcomes for patients. Presented is a case report of a 30-year-old African American male with perianal HS and the potential long-term complications and challenges of management of this disease.

Complex Surgical Intervention for Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) refers to the inability of contents to pass through the lumen of the small intestine. This is a common surgical emergency in the United States. Although intra-abdominal adhesions are the predominant cause, SBO can occur secondarily to various etiologies, be it one cause or several. Management of SBO secondary to adhesions and metastasized rectal adenocarcinoma, complicated by pulmonary, hepatic, and ureteral disease, highlights the criticality of a multidisciplinary approach. We present a case of a 59-year-old male with SBO secondary to rectal adenocarcinoma. Treatment included surgical resection, acute stabilization, referral for outpatient surgical follow-up, and oncologic management.

Cutaneous Metastases in Progressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Prostate cancer has an indolent progression course and commonly metastasizes to the vertebrae bone and regional lymph nodes. We report a patient with prostate cancer who has developed cutaneous metastases in multiple regions, including the right infraclavicular and abdominal area, as well as the left supraclavicular region. It presented as isolated, prominent nodules that were microscopically proven to be of prostate adenocarcinoma when biopsied. This rare presentation is a marker of an advanced disease course with a poor prognosis in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Thorough clinical examination to rule out metastasis from the prostate and other dermatological conditions is paramount as well as ensuring early detection and optimizing patient outcomes.

Keloid Development After Fine Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid: A Rare Case and Review of Management Strategies.

Keloids are pathological scars characterized by abnormal proliferation of tissue as a result of cutaneous injury. There is a high prevalence of keloid development in certain ethnicities. Individuals from African, Hispanic, and Asian backgrounds have a higher likelihood of developing keloids when compared to Caucasians. Keloids are known to lack spontaneous regression and have a high rate of recurrence after removal, thereby causing a cosmetic problem that affects people physically and emotionally. Keloids commonly occur after burns, tattoos, piercings, and deep wounds; however, in rare cases, they may develop after minimally invasive procedures. This case describes the experience of a 48-year-old African American male who underwent a thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy and subsequently developed a keloid in the neck region. This report aims to explore this unique occurrence, highlight the interplay between epidemiology, race, and genetics in influencing the development of keloids, and review the management strategies for neck keloids.

Repair of a Perforated Marginal Ulcer Seven Years After Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Marginal ulcers can be a rare but fatal post-surgical complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In this report, we will describe the case of a 70-year-old female, with a seven-year status post-gastrojejunostomy who presented with a perforated marginal ulcer and showed significant improvement in her symptoms after a revisional operation for the marginal ulcer. The goal of this case report is to make clinicians aware of the unique complications of RYGB and outline the appropriate workup for patients presenting with post-bariatric abdominal pain.

First Line of Defense: The Vital Role of Family Medicine Physicians in Preventing Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in High-Risk Patients.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate despite surgical interventions. Morbidity and mortality are especially high in those with risk factors, which include diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease, recent myocardial infarction, and rheumatic autoimmune diseases, among others. We present the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with AMI. The patient presented acutely to the emergency department after nine episodes of vomiting and was admitted to the surgical floor the same day for an emergent exploratory laparotomy. She presented acutely with an atypical presentation and without any progressive symptoms, despite various comorbidities. This patient was classified as "very high risk", but she had not been on any medications or monitored for any of her comorbidities. We highlight the essential and multifaceted role of family medicine physicians, also known as primary care physicians (PCPs), in the prevention of bowel ischemia and recommend the use of routine outpatient monitoring with clinical examination, blood testing, and imaging. These, along with a high index of suspicion, have clinical utility in preventing hospitalization, surgical intervention (bowel resection), and other serious sequelae of AMI. Timely detection, management, and specialist referrals from a family medicine physician can lower the overall burden on healthcare resources and personnel.

Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band Connecting Tube Intertwinement Within the Mesentery: A Case Report.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a technique used for the surgical management of morbid obesity. This report illustrates the case of a 46-year-old African American woman who presented with a rare case of small bowel obstruction (SBO) two years post-LAGB placement. SBO, in this case, was a result of LAGB connecting tube intertwinement within the mesentery, accompanied by adhesions. The patient was diagnosed clinically and radiologically by computed tomography (CT) scan, which showed high-grade SBO. Initially, an exploratory laparoscopy was conducted, which soon transformed into an exploratory laparotomy when the cause of obstruction was seen to be the intertwinement of the connecting tube of the gastric band with the mesentery. With the rise of bariatric procedures to combat the epidemic of obesity in American society, this rare complication secondary to one of the most widely performed procedures beckons the attention of bariatric surgeons, emergency personnel, and device manufacturers.

Inguinal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Marjolin Ulcer in the Absence of Mesh Infection: A Case Report.

Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernias, and most are repaired surgically with mesh placement to prevent future reoccurrence. Mesh infection and hernia recurrence are some of the rare complications of mesh placement, and chronic mesh infections increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma at the site. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the setting of a mesh infection presents in a similar manner to a Marjolin ulcer and is treated with the removal of the tumor and degraded infected mesh. However, in this case, the patient presented atypically with an absence of mesh involvement. This report aims to explore the etiology of SCC due to mesh infections as well as describe the perplexing case of inguinal SCC in the absence of mesh involvement.

Verruca Vulgaris-Associated Cutaneous Horn: A Case Report.

A cutaneous horn is a yellow or white-colored conical projection made up of complex keratin that arises from the surface of the skin. It is usually diagnosed clinically but requires histologic examination to rule out malignancy or determine the underlying lesion. Verruca vulgaris, a human papillomavirus-associated lesion, is a very common benign underlying lesion. We present a case of an 80-year-old female who presented with a cutaneous horn on a unique location, the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) of her left fourth digit. Post-excision biopsy revealed a diagnosis of a verruca vulgaris-associated cutaneous horn.

Perforated Marginal Ulcer.

Marginal ulcers are a late complication of gastric bypass surgery. A marginal ulcer is a term for ulcers that develop at the margins of a gastrojejunostomy, primarily on the jejunal side. A perforated ulcer involves the entire thickness of an organ, creating an opening on both surfaces. We will present an intriguing case of a 59-year-old Caucasian female who arrived at the emergency department with diffused chest and abdominal pain that began in her left shoulder and went down to the right lower quadrant area. The patient was in visible pain with restlessness, and her abdomen was moderately distended. The computed tomography (CT) showed possible perforation in the gastric bypass surgery area, but the results were inconclusive. The patient had laparoscopic cholecystectomy ten days prior, and the pain began right after surgery. The patient underwent an open abdominal exploratory surgery, with the closure of the perforated marginal ulcer. The fact that the patient had undergone another surgery and had pain immediately afterward also obscured the diagnosis. This case shows the rare presentation of the patientäs diverse signs and symptoms and inconclusive reports that led to the open abdominal exploratory surgery that finally confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of a thorough past medical history, including surgical history. The past surgical history led the team to zone in on the gastric bypass area, leading to an accurate differential diagnosis.

A Rare Case of Verrucous Carcinoma and Trichoblastoma of the Neck: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a variant of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This phenomenon mainly affects the oropharynx, genitalia, and soles of the feet. VC is a well-defined, exophytic, cauliflower-like growth that is warty in nature. Trichoblastoma is a benign epithelial tumor composed of follicular germinative cells. It presents as a small, smooth, non-ulcerated, skin-colored nodule on the scalp, neck, thigh, and perianal regions. The dual presentation of verrucous carcinoma and trichoblastoma of the neck is rare. Though treatment can be achieved through surgical resection, early detection offers a good prognosis. We present the case of a 54-year-old homeless male who presented with an unusual neck mass that was initially misidentified as an abscess. Surgical debridement was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed the presence of a rare combination of VC and trichoblastoma. This report highlights the challenges of this rare presentation, which may be overlooked or misdiagnosed as an abscess.

Severe Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia Repair During a Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery in a Morbidly Obese Patient.

Morbid obesity increases the average risk of a patient developing a paraesophageal or hiatal hernia. Paraesophageal hernias (PEH) include several types, and their treatment is indubitably one of the most contentious topics in minimally invasive surgery. Though it is rare for PEH to manifest as a strangulated, volatilized intrathoracic stomach with infection, the increased risk of mortality is an indication for many to pursue surgical repair. Moreover, morbidly obese individuals represent a substantial rate of failure of PEH repairs. The modes of confirmation diagnostics are barium swallow or upper endoscopy. This case study focuses on a 64-year-old female who presented with several comorbidities, was appropriately evaluated for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and was previously identified to have a severe type III PEH with grade IV configuration. Additionally, the pathological finding from the extracted specimen was significant for helicobacter pylori gastritis.

Eight-Centimeter Gallbladder Stone Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report.

Cholelithiasis occurs when a stone forms in the gallbladder; when symptoms develop, the condition is termed symptomatic cholelithiasis. The correlation between bariatric surgery and post-operative symptomatic cholelithiasis has long been established. Presented is a case of a 56-year-old female status post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who developed symptomatic cholelithiasis and subsequently underwent cholecystectomy with the removal of an 8-centimeter (cm) gallbladder stone. This case report explores the benefits and limitations of watchful waiting versus prophylactic concomitant cholecystectomy among bariatric surgery patients, noting the difference between the bariatric sleeve and bypass anatomy for managing biliary complications.

The Multiple Etiologies of Abdominal Pain Post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Series and Review of Management Strategies.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most common bariatric surgeries performed and has aided many people with their weight loss efforts. However, manipulating the gastrointestinal anatomy may have numerous consequences. Various complications of RYGB can occur during the early to late post-op periods, and abdominal pain is the most common symptom reported. The etiologies that present as abdominal pain are heterogeneous in anatomical origin, onset, severity, and management; therefore, differentiating diagnoses is crucial. The physical exam, inciting triggers, and alleviating factors can direct diagnostic measures accordingly. Prompt recognition and identification of these patients' underlying causes of abdominal pain are vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Methods can range from conservative management to surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the complication. In this report, we recount the cases of two patients who underwent elective RYGB and presented to the emergency department (ED) months later with abdominal pain. After the labs were taken and diagnostic tests were conducted, it was discovered that both patients had multiple underlying factors that could have contributed to their pain. This study aims to describe the diverse etiologies of abdominal pain encountered in these bariatric patients and explore the appropriate management strategies utilized for each case.

The Use of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Elevated Liver Enzymes as Predictive Factors of Gangrenous Cholecystitis: A Case Report.

Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe complication of acute cholecystitis. It is often found incidentally during laparoscopic cholecystectomy or during conversion to open surgery and diagnosed with subsequent pathological analysis. While intraoperative diagnosis is typically through direct visualization of the gallbladder, specific diagnostic modalities may guide physicians toward an earlier diagnosis. Surgical intervention and a more aggressive approach are often needed to prevent the advancement of the disease and its catastrophic complications. This case report illustrates the distinct risk factors predisposing a patient to develop gangrenous cholecystitis. Comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, age, the relevance of the SIRS criteria, and elevated liver enzymes are explored as predictive factors in a patient with gangrenous cholecystitis.

Perforated Emphysematous Cholecystitis: A Race Against Time.

Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare infection of the gallbladder that stems from acute cholecystitis. It can rapidly progress and perforate the gallbladder, which would require urgent surgical intervention. A perforated gallbladder can be diagnosed using an abdominal computed tomography by confirming the presence of air in the gallbladder lumen with adjacent extraluminal air. The causes of ruptured emphysematous cholecystitis include, but are not limited to, diabetes, atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, and infection with Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp., and is usually present in diabetic men. We report on a 57-year-old female who developed gall bladder perforation with an overflow of gallstones into the peritoneum without a history of diabetes or atherosclerotic disease. Due to the vast availability of computerized tomography and early surgical intervention, the rate of mortality due to perforated emphysematous cholecystitis has decreased over the last few decades.

Perforated Duodenal Ulcer Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report.

Obesity is a growing health concern worldwide, with bariatric surgeries such as gastric bypass providing an effective treatment choice. However, a rare complication of gastric bypass is a duodenal ulcer. Currently, there is no exact incidence of this complication, and only a few case reports have been published in the literature. Presented is a case of a 32-year-old patient, eight years status post gastric bypass, who was evaluated for surgical repair of a large anterior perforated duodenal ulcer. This case report explores the relationship between patient history and gastric bypass surgery in the case of duodenal ulcer formation and perforation, as well as the diagnostic difficulty and modalities for duodenal ulcers in post-gastric bypass patients.