ABSTRACT
In Ontario, Canada, the number of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) cases increased over the years 2005-2010. A population-based case-control study was undertaken from January to August 2011 for the purpose of identifying risk factors for acquiring illness due to SE within Ontario. A total of 199 cases and 241 controls were enrolled. After adjustment for confounders, consuming any poultry meat [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2·24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·31-3·83], processed chicken (aOR 3·32, 95% CI 1·26-8·76) and not washing hands following handling of raw eggs (OR 2·82, 95% CI 1·48-5·37) were significantly associated with SE infection. The population attributable fraction was 46% for any poultry meat consumption and 10% for processed chicken. Poultry meat continues to be identified as a risk factor for SE illness. Control of SE at source, as well as proper food handling practices, are required to reduce the number of SE cases.
Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Chickens , Child , Child, Preschool , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Eggs/microbiology , Feeding Behavior , Female , Hand Disinfection , Humans , Infant , Male , Meat/microbiology , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Ontario/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the spectrum of diseases that can involve the rectus abdominis muscle and sheath (RMS) and to describe the clinical features of these conditions. METHOD: A retrospective medical record review of RMS disorders seen at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from 1971 to 1992. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients with diseases of the RMS were identified. Thirty patients had primary diseases of the RMS, most commonly desmoid tumor and hematoma. Secondary disorders of the RMS included abscesses from diverticulitis, a perforated sigmoid carcinoma, gallbladder empyema, and disseminated actinomycosis. Eleven of 18 patients with desmoid tumors had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The desmoid tumors in patients with FAP resulted in greater morbidity and mortality than those in patients without FAP. All patients with hematomas were on anticoagulation or had a history of trauma, vigorous coughing, or physical exertion. CONCLUSIONS: 1) RMS disease should be suspected in patients with a palpable abdominal mass and a history of familial adenomatous polyposis, trauma, anticoagulation, or vigorous coughing or exercise. 2) The most common non-neoplastic condition of the RMS is a hematoma. 3) The desmoid tumor is the most common neoplasm of the RMS. 4) Abdominal ultrasonography and CT readily distinguish RMS disease from intraabdominal pathology.
