[Outbreak of Campylobacter fetus infection after consumption of unpasteurized sheep's milk cheeses: how to trace the source?] / Een uitbraak met Campylobacter fetus na het eten van rauwmelkse schapenkaas.

Campylobacter fetus is a species of gram-negative bacteria whose primary reservoir is the gastrointestinal tracts of cattle and sheep. Human infections are rare, though often invasive and sometimes fatal. In this paper, we studied an outbreak of six patients with a C. fetus infection and outlined their disease histories. In each case we were able to identify factors that led to a reduced resistance, including pre-existing illnesses and old age. Because of the unusually high number of patients that presented in a time period of only five months, the Community Health Services were commissioned to identify the source of infection. Using whole genome sequencing, we showed that 5 out of 6 patients belonged to the same cluster. This One Health approach resulted in the conclusion that the infection originated from unpasteurized sheep's milk processed into unripened cheese. Finally, various measures were put into place to prevent any further outbreaks.

No association between posture and musculoskeletal complaints in a professional bassist sample.

BACKGROUND: Professional musicians receive little attention in pain medicine despite reports of high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints. This study aims to investigate the association between work-related postures and musculoskeletal complaints of professional bass players. METHOD: Participants were 141 professional and professional student double bassists and bass guitarists. Data about self-reported functioning, general and mental health status, location and intensity of musculoskeletal complaints and psychosocial distress were collected online with self constructed and existing questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse associations between work-related postural stress (including type of instrument and accompanying specific exposures) and physical complains, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed no association between complaints and the playing position of the left shoulder area in double bassists (p = 0.30), the right wrist area in the bass guitarists (p = 0.70), the right wrist area for the German versus French bowing style (p = 0.59). CONCLUSION: All three hypotheses were rejected. This study shows that in this sample of professional bass players' long-lasting exposures to postural stress were not associated with musculoskeletal complaints. This challenges a dominant model in pain medicine to focus on ergonomic postures.

Annexin A2 depletion delays EGFR endocytic trafficking via cofilin activation and enhances EGFR signaling and metastasis formation.

Enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity has been strongly linked to breast cancer progression and mediators of EGFR endocytosis may well be involved. We developed a semi-automated high-content fluorescence microscopy-based EGFR endocytosis screen to identify proteins that mediate EGFR endocytosis in human HBL100 breast cancer cells. Knockdown of 172 individual endocytosis and actin-regulatory genes with small interfering RNAs led to the identification of 14 genes of which the contribution to EGFR endocytosis in breast cancer is until now poorly defined, including DNAJC6, GDI2, FGD6, HAX1, NECAP2 and AnxA2. We show that depletion of the actin and endocytosis regulatory protein annexin A2 (AnxA2) in a panel of four triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines affected EGFR endocytosis. Depletion of AnxA2 in the aggressive and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line resulted in the inhibition of EGFR transport beyond the early endosomes. This inhibition coincided with enhanced epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell migration and downstream signaling via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt. Moreover, AnxA2 knockdown increased lung metastasis formation in mice. The effect of AnxA2 knockdown on EGFR endocytosis in MDA-MB-231 was related to dephosphorylation/activation of the actin-severing protein cofilin, as re-expression of an inactive S3E-cofilin mutant, but not an active S3A-cofilin mutant, re-established EGFR endocytosis to control levels. Together, our data provide evidence for AnxA2 as a mediator of EGFR endocytosis and signaling in breast cancer via regulation of cofilin activation.