[Neuropathy in n-hexane poisoning]. / Neiropatiya pri otravlenii n-geksanom.

N-Hexane is a solvent widely used in manufacturing as a cleaner, degreaser and component of rubber cement. Chronic exposure to n-hexane either through contact with unprotected skin or inhalation can lead to the development of clinical symptoms and electrophysiological changes similar to those of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy which requires careful differential diagnosis. This article presents three cases of severe predominantly motor polyneuropathy with demyelinating features in 15- and 16-year-old adolescents. The results of laboratory tests were within normal limits; electroneuromyography revealed symmetrical involvement of sensory and motor fibers of the nerves of the legs and arms with a decrease in the speed of propagation of excitation and conduction blocks. Sural nerve biopsy revealed intraneural and perineural swelling without any signs of inflammation or fibrosis confirming the genesis of the neuropathy. Despite a relatively favorable prognosis there is no specific therapy for hexane poisoning and the recovery period can last up to several years.

Metabolomic prof iles of Ribes nigrum L. and Lonicera caerulea L. from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute in the setting of Northwest Russia.

Recently, the trend of using fruit and berry crops as ingredients for functional and dietary nutrition, the development and implementation of f lavors, pigments, new medicines and dietary supplements has been actualized. Because the direction of use depends on the biochemical properties of fruits, which are determined not only by species and varietal characteristics, but also by reproduction conditions, the study of the biochemical composition of fruits grown in various regions of the world continues to be relevant. In this regard, the collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR), which has a wide diversity of fruit and berry crops, is of great interest for study. Ribes nigrum fruits have a balanced set of sugars, organic acids, essential oils, microelements, a high content of vitamins, anthocyanins, pectins. Lonicera caerulea fruits are characterized by high values of phenolic substances: biof lavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, f lavonols, polyphenols, anthocyanins, as well as vitamins, carotenoids, iridoid glycosides and other natural antioxidants. The investigation of L. caerulea and R. nigrum fruit's accessions from the VIR collection using gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows us to obtain new information about the biochemical characteristics of fruits, to identify L. caerulea and R. nigrum varieties with optimal economically valuable characteristics, to determine the specif icity of L. caerulea and R. nigrum metabolomic spectra in the setting of Northwest Russia. As a result of the analysis, typical compounds of the metabolomic prof ile of each culture were identif ied. Organic acids, phenol-containing compounds and polyols prevailed in L. caerulea, while mono- and oligosaccharides, in R. nigrum. The qualitative composition of the black currant varieties 'Malen'kii Printz', 'Dobriyi Dzhinn', 'Tisel', 'Orlovskii Val's', and blue honeysuckle 'S 322-4', 'Malvina', 'Leningradsky Velikan' was optimal for food consumption; the varieties of blue honeysuckle 'Bazhovskaya' and black currant 'Aleander' had a good representation of biologically active compounds, which makes samples attractive as raw materials for the production of biologically active additives, including with the use of microorganisms' cultures.

[The State of The Jak/Stat Pathway Affects the Sensitivity of TumorCells to Oncolytic Enteroviruses].

A test of the sensitivity of seven colon cancer cell lines to a panel of 12 nonpathogenic human enteroviruses revealed significant differences in the ability of tumor cells to become infected and replicate different viral strains. Among the factors that can affect the sensitivity of cells to viruses are differences in the state of the mechanisms of antiviral protection, associated with a reaction to type I interferons. Using the two colon cancer cell lines CaCo2 and LIM1215 as a model, significant differences were revealed in the ability of cells to defend themselves against virus infection after 16 hours of treatment with 1000 units/mL of interferon-alpha. To study the effect of the state of the interferon response system, represented by the Jak/STAT signaling pathway, on the sensitivity of cells to different strains of enteroviruses, HEK293T cell lines were used. These are capable of supporting replication of each of the tested enteroviruses, as well as maintaining the ability to protect against viral infection after the treatment with interferon. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, HEK293T sublines with knockouts of the IFNAR1 and STAT2 genes were obtained. The sensitivity of control and knockout cells to infection with five strains of enteroviruses and the vesicular stomatitis virus was analyzed. It was noted that knockout of the IFNAR1 and STAT2 genes resulted in an increased sensitivity to all tested viruses. In knockout cells, the levels of reproduction of the vaccine derived of poliovirus type 1, Echoviruses 7 and 30, and Coxsackie viruses B5 and A7 were also significantly increased in comparison with the control HEK293T cells. Thus, deficiencies in the Jak/STAT signaling pathway in tumor cells lead to an overall increase in the sensitivity to oncolytic viruses.

[The effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in patients with epileptic syndromes associated with myoclonic seizures]. / Effektivnost' protivoepilepticheskoi terapii u patsientov s epilepticheskimi sindromami, assotsiirovannymi s mioklonicheskimi pristupami.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy of epileptic syndromes associated with myoclonic seizures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients with epilepsy, in whom myoclonic seizures were identified during the observation, were examined. The observed myoclonic seizures entered the structure of 11 different epileptic syndromes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Drug remission is achieved in 67% of patients, a decrease in the frequency of seizures by 50% or more was noted in 23,3%, the lack of effect in 9,7%. The effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy was significantly different in different groups of epileptic syndromes. The high effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in the general group of patients in this study is mainly due to the prevalence of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, in which the highest percentage of remission was observed.

[A case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the brain]. / Nabliudenie pervichnoi diffuznoi B-krupnokletochnoi limfomy golovnogo mozga.

The paper describes a case of primary extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cerebral hemispheres, which was regarded as an inflammatory disease of the brain during life and diagnosed only posthumously in the microscopically examination of the autopsy material by immunohistochemical studies.

Changes in stroke volume in rat pups during adaptation to various regimens of motor activity.

Experiments on rat pups showed that regular exercise for 4 weeks starting from day 14 after birth considerably increased stroke volume. Similar dynamics of stroke volume was observed in subsequent period of restraint locomotion. Experimental hypokinesia starting from day 14 after birth significantly limited the age-dependent increase in SV. However, subsequent exercise training promoted the increase in stroke volume in these rats. In trained rats the regulation of stroke volume during hypokinesia remained unchanged, while in restrained rats subsequent training was associated with considerable reduction of sympathetic regulation of stroke volume.