ABSTRACT
The effect of xamoterol as sole therapy was investigated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies involving 425 patients with mild to moderate heart failure. When compared with placebo, xamoterol produced improvements in exercise capacity, clinical signs, symptoms and quality of life with a low incidence of adverse experiences. Xamoterol is effective as monotherapy in heart failure.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Cardiac Output, Low/drug therapy , Propanolamines/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/adverse effects , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Propanolamines/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , XamoterolABSTRACT
In two different medical centers, a total of 24 normal individuals (mean age, 31 years) participated in a double-masked, three-way crossover single-instillation comparison of betaxolol 1%, timolol 0.5%, and placebo. After each ocular treatment, cardiovascular characteristics were measured during ten-minute treadmill exercise periods. No significant differences in heart rate or double product (heart rate X systolic pressure) were seen between treatment with betaxolol and administration of placebo. However, when the same subjects were treated with timolol, they demonstrated significant (P less than .05) reductions in these values at various measurement times compared with placebo and betaxolol treatments. No significant differences in mean arterial pressure were detected after any of the treatments.
Subject(s)
Heart Rate/drug effects , Physical Exertion , Propanolamines/pharmacology , Timolol/pharmacology , Adult , Betaxolol , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Exercise Test , Humans , Ophthalmic Solutions , Propanolamines/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The hydroxy metabolite of metronidazole was found to be more active against 21 strains of Gardnerella vaginalis than the parent compound and less affected by culture in carbon dioxide. After 400 mg oral metronidazole (Flagyl) plasma concentrations of the two agents were below the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for most G vaginalis strains tested. With 2 g metronidazole the plasma concentrations exceeded the MICs of the more sensitive strains. Even with the lower dose of metronidazole clinically useful concentration of metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite were present in the urine. Urinary excretion of these compounds may contribute to the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of vaginitis associated with G vaginalis.
Subject(s)
Gardnerella vaginalis/drug effects , Haemophilus/drug effects , Metronidazole/metabolism , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Female , Humans , Kinetics , Metronidazole/analogs & derivatives , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
beta-Lactamases extracted by sonication from the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group organisms (B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, B. bivius, and B. oralis) were found to be in the form of complexes with molecular weights of greater than or equal to 40 x 10(6), and this resulted in failure to characterize them by isoelectric focusing. Purification by el filtration in the presence of deoxycholate resulted in beta-lactamase preparations from B. bivius with pI's of 5.7. A beta-lactamase preparation extracted by osmotic shock from B. bivius also had a pI of 5.7. Osmotic shock preparations from B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, and B. oralis had two bands of equal intensity with pI's of 4.2 and 4.35.
