ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was the comprehensive evaluation of quantitative and functional metabolic characteristics of human leukocytes following in vitro irradiation of peripheral blood samples at a dose of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 4.0 Gy for the development of a rationale for their application as biological markers of radiation exposure in forensic medical expertise of the subjects affected by supernormal ionizing radiation. The total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and their subpopulations as well as the functional and metabolic status of neutrophils were determined. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using a set of functional metabolic characteristics of human leukocytes as the additional forensic medical criteria for diagnostics of radiation impact on living subjects.
Subject(s)
Blood , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Leukocyte Count/methods , Radiation Injuries , Radiation, Ionizing , Adult , Blood/immunology , Blood/radiation effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Forensic Medicine/methods , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Luminescent Measurements/methods , Male , Models, Immunological , Radiation Effects , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Radiation Injuries/immunology , Radiation Injuries/pathologyABSTRACT
Modern toxicology as a science and educational subject originated from forensic medicine in the middle of the XIXth century. In the beginning, selected toxicological problems were taught in the Emperor's Medical Surgical Academy (presently S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Sankt-Peterburg) and at the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University (presently I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow). The greatest contribution to the development of toxicology was made by such outstanding scientists as professors S.A. Gromov, P.P. Pelekhin, P.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky, E.V. Pelikan, Ya.A. Chistovich, G.I. Blosfel'd, I.M. Sorokin, D.P. Kosorotov, A.V. Grigoriev, V.V. Andreev, A.A. Glebovich, A.N. Grigoriev, B.I. Predtechensky, V.M. Rozhkov, S.S. Vail, M.N. Lubotsky, etc. The works of these researchers predetermined the further development of toxicology in this country, its main purpose being provision of medical aid in case of poisoning and diseases of chemical etiology. Another line of toxicological research became industrial and environmental toxicology having the purpose of hygienic rating and prevention of poisoning. Nevertheless, all aspects of the multifaceted science of toxicology are related to forensic medicine as the cradle in which it originated, evolved, and turned into a self-consistent science.
Subject(s)
Chemically-Induced Disorders/history , Forensic Medicine , Forensic Toxicology , Faculty, Medical/history , Forensic Medicine/education , Forensic Medicine/history , Forensic Toxicology/education , Forensic Toxicology/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Russia , Schools, Medical/historyABSTRACT
The purpose of the work was research and functional reserves immunity in participants in the Chernobyl with cardiovascular disease. A Clinical Lab 49 men aged 44 to 52 years with diseases of the cardiovascular system, participated in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 to 1988. As control used data 33 patients with similar pathology, and 16 healthy men. Researched the total number of white blood cells, lymphocytes and transfusions, the absolute number and relative CD4+ and CD8+, CD 16, CD20+, CD95+ lymphocytes peripheral blood, number mononuclear, synthesizing IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, INF-alpha, IL-4, the content of lipids and proteins, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and mieloperoksidazy in neutrophils. To assess the functional reserve immune system blood samples studied people subjected to radiation doses 0.25, 50, 1.0 Gy of in vitro and studied the reaction cytochemical indicators neutrophils before and after the radiative forcing. The liquidators not detected significant changes in the absolute number of leucocytes, but compared with control groups noted significant reduction in the absolute number of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes, increased the number of cells, expression of FAS-antigen, change the number of mononuclear spontaneously synthesizing and produce cytokines, decreased maintenance of cation proteins in neutrophils. Radiation samples peripheral blood liquidators caused the same reaction cytochemical indicators of neutrophils and control groups, the compensatory and adaptive nature of the changes in the immune system, developed in response to complex factors radiation accident.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Immune System Phenomena/radiation effects , Occupational Diseases/immunology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/enzymology , Neutrophils/radiation effects , Occupational Diseases/blood , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Prognosis , Russia , Time Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
Retrospective analysis of 72 patients with diseases of gall bladder cancer was conducted. The difficulty of differential diagnosis of tumors of the biliary tract, the rapid progression of tumors and a high postoperative mortality (19.6%) were noted. Presented recommendations for early detection of disease and improve treatment outcomes.
