ABSTRACT
Systemic (gastrointestinal and skin) reactions to ingestion of nickel rich foods in patients with nickel allergic contact dermatitis characterize Systemic Nickel Allergy Syndrome (SNAS). The objective of the study was to describe the nosologic framework of the syndrome and to compare sensibility and specificity for SNAS diagnosis between two different low nickel diets - BraMa-Ni and the usually prescribed list of forbidden foods - along with patient adherence to diet. One hundred forty-five patients with suspected SNAS (by history and benefit from nickel dietary restrictions) were selected and orally challenged with nickel for a definite diagnosis. Specificity and sensibility of the diets were calculated in relation to the results of nickel challenges. The nosologic framework of SNAS was deduced from the clinical pictures of 98 patients with positive nickel challenge and characterized essentially by skin and gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas all other symptoms (dizziness, headache etc.) were never elicited by the oral nickel challenge. The specificity and sensibility of BraMa-Ni in detecting SNAS were significantly higher than the forbidden food list diet, with an excellent patient adherence. Therefore, BraMa-Ni diet can be prescribed for the treatment of the syndrome other than for the diagnosis, the gold standard of which remains the oral nickel challenge.
Subject(s)
Allergens , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diet therapy , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Diet/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapy , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Nickel/adverse effects , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/immunology , Humans , Immunologic Tests , Italy , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance , Predictive Value of Tests , Syndrome , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to evaluate the proportion of community-dwelling elderly people at risk for malnutrition and the effect of different socioeconomic status (SES) indicators as well as social, physical and leisure activities in late life on the risk for malnutrition. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: A sub-urban area in Northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS: 698 community-dwelling older persons. MEASUREMENTS: The nutritional status of participants was assessed through the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). SES was defined by means of early-life education, longest occupation, and late-life financial conditions. The following indicators were also evaluated: social contacts, and performing mental, physical and leisure activities during late-life. Chronic diseases, functional, cognitive and affective status were considered as potential confounders when examining the risk for malnutrition by logistic regression models. RESULTS: 8% of the participants (average age 75.6 years, 408 women) were at risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11). Low education, poor financial condition, and lack of physical and leisure activities showed a crude association with risk for malnutrition. Multi-adjusted logistic regression models showed that only low education (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.2-6.8) and lack of physical activity (OR=4.4;95%CI=2.0-9.7) were independently associated with the risk for malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Low education and lack of physical activity in late-life may affect the risk for malnutrition in the elderly. Further studies are needed to clarify the cause-effect relationship between lack of physical activity and malnutrition.
