Risk assessment of nosocomial infection in patients with multiple myeloma in the first hospitalization / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To assess the risk of nosocomial infection in patients with multiple myeloma during their first hospitalization. Methods Totally 480 patients with multiple myeloma who were hospitalized for the first time in department of hematology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from August 2021 to August 2022 were included, and the nosocomial infection during treatment was statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group. The independent influencing factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed and a prediction model was established. The reliability of the prediction model was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 31.2% among 480 patients hospitalized for the first time. There were statistically significant differences in age, ISS staging, controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, agranulocytosis, hemoglobin, and albumin between the infected group and the uninfected group (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, ISS staging, CONUT score, agranulocytosis, hemoglobin level, and albumin level were all independent correlated factors of nosocomial infection in patients with multiple myeloma hospitalized for the first time (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of multivariate logistic regression prediction model were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.840-0.920), 85.00% and 76.36%, respectively. Conclusion The incidence rate of nosocomial infection is high among patients with multiple myeloma in the first hospitalization. The prediction model established according to independent correlated factors of nosocomial infection has high predictive value on the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Correlation between screen time, screen behavior type and anxiety, depression among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the status and correlation between screen time, screen behavior type, and anxiety, depression among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for effective intervention measures.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified random sampling, 8 851 primary and secondary school students in 11 districts of Jiangxi Province were investigated by questionnaire during September to December in 2020. Anxiety and depression status were investigated using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC), respectively. Single factor analysis using χ 2-test, t-test,analysis of variance,and multivariate analysis using generalized linear models.@*Results@#On school days and weekends, 4.7% and 20.4% of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi Province had a total screen time of over 2 hours per day, respectively. The weighted scores of the total screen time (primary school students: 1.88± 0.68, junior middle school students: 1.96±0.71, high school students: 2.03±0.80) and time spent for playing video games (primary school students: 1.51±0.64, junior middle school students: 1.62±0.69, high school students: 1.68±0.75) daily showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =31.48, 42.13), and with significantly higher in boys (1.97±0.74, 1.66± 0.72) than girls (1.93±0.72, 1.53±0.66)( t =2.48, 9.07)( P <0.05). The average scores of state anxiety and trait anxiety were (42.20±9.05) and (40.65±9.85), which showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( F =168.12, 241.98 ), and were higher in girls than boys ( t =6.63, 8.48)( P <0.01). The average score of depression was (11.99±11.00), which was lower in elementary school students than middle school students and high school students ( F =136.42), with significantly higher in girls ( t =6.85)( P <0.01). On school days, with the increase of total screen time and time spent for playing video games daily, the risk of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression among primary and secondary school students significantly increased ( OR = 6.70- 818.98, P <0.01). On weekends, among primary and secondary school students, the total screen time of >1-2 hours daily reduced the risk of state anxiety ( OR =0.30). The risk of developing trait anxiety among students playing video games for more than 2 hours daily was 2.50 times higher than those without screen behavior ( OR =2.50). The risk of developing depression with a total screen time of more than 2 hours daily was 3.15 times higher those whithout screen behavior ( OR =3.15). The risk of developing depression among students playing video games >0-1, >1-2, >2 h daily was 2.14, 2.50, 4.90 times that of those without screen behaviors ( OR =2.14, 2.50, 4.90), and showed an upward trend with the increase of educational stage ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Screen behaviors of primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province are positively associated with the risk of anxiety and depression, but the total daily video time of >1-2 h on weekends was negatively associated with state anxiety. It is necessary to control the screen time as much as possible and reduce the risk of anxiety and depression.

Environmental higher education-renewable energy consumption nexus in China: pathways toward carbon neutrality.

Pro-environmental behavior has a significant role to play in environmental sustainability. There has been little research done on environmental higher education-renewable energy consumption nexus. This study examines the impact of environmental higher education on renewable energy consumption in China from 1997 to 2021. The ARDL results show that higher environmental education enhances renewable energy consumption in long run. Findings also show that internet usage and economic development encourage renewable energy consumption in the long run. However, financial development and internet usage have a short-term impact on renewable energy consumption in China. The QARDL estimates are robust, and the finding shows that environmental higher education has a positive impact on renewable energy consumption in short and long run at higher quantiles. The empirical findings have environmental implications for China in terms of achieving long-term environmental sustainability by embracing patterns of pro-environmental behavior.

Natural compound So-2 suppresses triple-negative breast cancer through inducing ferroptosis via downregulating transcription factor E2F7.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), accounting for about 15∼18% of all breast cancers, is notorious for its poor prognosis, high rate of relapse and short overall survival. Because of lacking effective therapeutic targets or drugs, treatment of TNBC in clinical encounters great obstacle. Siegesbeckiaorientalis L. have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine "Xi-Xian-Cao" for centuries with multiple medicinal benefits including cancerous treatment. We have reported the isolation of twenty-seven germacranolides including So-2 from the aerial parts of S. orientalis with potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. The studyaims to verified the anti-TNBC function of the natural compound So-2 both in vitro and vivo and uncover the underlying mechanism. The results showed that So-2 caused cell cycle arrest and suppress TNBC cell proliferation and migration. Also, So-2 was first identified to be a bona fide ferroptosis inducer in TNBC cells. So-2 effectively suppressed tumor growth of TNBC by using an orthotopic transplantation tumor model. We also characterized the oncogenic role of the transcription factor E2F7 in TNBC. E2F7 was demonstrated to be involved in the ferroptosis-inducing and tumor suppression effect of So-2. Altogether, So-2 exhibits inhibitory effect on TNBC both in vitro and vivo by inducing TNBC ferroptosis via downregulating the expression of E2F7. These findings provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of TNBC. The natural compound So-2, isolated from Chinese traditional medicine, might be a prospective drug candidate in TNBC therapy.

Daidzein affects proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells:role of p53 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of daidzeinDD on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells,with a focus on the possible role of the p53 signaling pathway in this regard. Methods CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of soy isoflavone crude extract and DD on the viability and apoptosis of HELF and H1299 cells. Gene microarray was used to detect the changes in gene expression after treatment of H1299 cells with DD. GSEA and differential analysis were used to screen the major pathways and key genes. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to verify the differences in mRNA and protein expression of key genesp53 and CASP9 in the major pathways. After p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α inhibited the expression of p53,the effect of DD on p53 mRNA and protein expression levels was examined,and the proliferative effect on H1299 cells was observed. Results Soy isoflavone crude extract and DD promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of normal lung cells and inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of lung cancer cells. p53 signaling pathway was significantly enriched in the DD-treated groupNES=1.78,P=0.000,and the expressions of p53 and CASP9 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in the treated group. Compared with the control group,mRNA expression of CASP9 and p53 significantly increased in both HELF and H1299 cells treated with DDP<0.05,and p53 protein expression also increased in HELF cellsP<0.05. After inhibition of p53 expression,DD significantly increased the mRNA expression of p53 in H1299 and HELF cellsP<0.05 and also markedly increased the expression of p53 protein in H1299 cellsP<0.05,and it was observed that DD inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Conclusions DD inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of lung cancer H1299 cells,and the mechanism mainly involves the p53 signaling pathway.

Progress on RNA-based therapeutics for genetic diseases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

RNA therapeutics inhibit the expression of specific proteins/RNAs by targeting complementary sequences of corresponding genes or encode proteins for the synthesis desired genes to treat genetic diseases. RNA-based therapeutics are categorized as oligonucleotide drugs (antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, RNA aptamers), and mRNA drugs. The antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA for treatment of genetic diseases have been approved by the FDA in the United States, while RNA aptamers and mRNA drugs are still in clinical trials. Chemical modifications can be applied to RNA drugs, such as pseudouridine modification of mRNA, to reduce immunogenicity and improve the efficacy. The secure and effective delivery systems such as lipid-based nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and virus-like particles are under development to address stability, specificity, and safety issues of RNA drugs. This article provides an overview of the specific molecular mechanisms of eleven RNA drugs currently used for treating genetic diseases, and discusses the research progress of chemical modifications and delivery systems of RNA drugs.

Significance of Tim-3 and Its Ligand Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the significance of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 imbalance in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#55 newly diagnosed MM patients and 20 healthy controls were included. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Tim-3 on CD4+T cells, the proportion of Th1, Th2, Tim-3+Th1 and Tim-3+Th2 cells in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to detect the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum, and PCR was used to detect the level of Galectin-9 mRNA. Then the correlations between Galectin-9 mRNA expression and Th-cell subsets and related cytokine levels, as well as the relationship between Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 ratio and corresponding clinical features were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the expression of Tim-3 on CD4+T cells in peripheral blood of MM patients was significantly increased (P<0.05), the proportions of Tim-3+Th1 cells, Tim-3+Th2 cells and Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 ratio in MM patients were also increased (P<0.05), while the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The level of cytokine IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the level of cytokine IL-4 was increased (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of Galectin-9 in MM patients were significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of Galectin-9 mRNA were positively correlated with Tim-3+CD4+T cells (r=0.663), Tim-3+Th2 cells (r=0.492) and IL-4 (r=0.470), while negatively correlated with IFN-γ (r=-0.593). The ratios of Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 in MM patients were positively correlated with ISS stage (r=0.511), osteolytic damage (r=0.556) and chromosome abnormality (r=0.632).@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that Tim-3 and Galectin-9 are involved in Th1/Th2 imbalance in MM patients, and the high ratio of Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 is associated with poor clinical prognosis.

A Retrospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Idarubicin Combined with High-Dose Cytarabine Consolidation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia over 60 Years of Age in First Remission / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of idarubicin combined with high-dose cytarabine as a post-remission therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#From November 2017 to June 2021, 24 AML patients aged ≥60 years who were in complete remission for the first time were enrolled in consolidation chemotherapy with idarubicin (10 mg/m2 intravenously once for day 1) combined with high-dose cytarabine (1.5 g/m2 intravenously over 3 hours every 12 hours for day 1-3), and the efficacy and safety were observed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 24 patients, there were 12 males and 12 females, the median age was 65 (60-78) years old, and the median follow-up time was 23.3 (2-42.7) months. By the end of the follow-up, 15 patients relapsed and 11 patients died. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 9 months and there were 3 cases of 2-year DFS. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 months, and there were 4 cases of 2-year OS. In terms of safety, 6 patients had grade 1-2 non-hematological adverse reactions, 12 patients had grade 3-4 hematological adverse reactions, and a total of 6 patients developed infection after consolidation chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that two induction cycles and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were the adverse factors of DFS and OS in elderly patients with AML in this study.@*CONCLUSION@#For AML patients ≥60 years old in first complete remission, idarubicin combined with high-dose cytarabine as post-remission therapy has a better safety, but compared with other regimens does not improve the prognosis of elderly patients, which needs further exploration.

Progresses on RNA-based therapeutics for genetic diseases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

RNA therapeutics inhibit the expression of specific proteins/RNAs by targeting complementary sequences of corresponding genes, or synthesize proteins encoded by the desired genes to treat genetic diseases. RNA-based therapeutics are categorized as oligonucleotide drugs (antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, RNA aptamers), and mRNA drugs. The antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA for treatment of genetic diseases have been approved by the FDA in the United State, while RNA aptamers and mRNA drugs are still in clinical trials. Chemical modifications are applied to RNA drugs, such as pseudouridine modification of mRNA, to reduce immunogenicity and improve the efficacy. The secure and effective delivery systems like lipid-based nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and virus-like particles are under development to address stability, specificity, and safety issues of RNA drugs. This article provides an overview of the specific molecular mechanisms of 11 RNA drugs currently used for treating genetic diseases, and discusses the research progress of chemical modifications and delivery systems of RNA drugs.

Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine compounds combined with external therapy in treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands / 中国中药杂志

Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a benign breast disease with disordered breast structure. Nowadays, the incidence rate of breast hyperplasia in women is increasing year by year, and the etiology is related to the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone in the body. The symptoms include breast pain, breast nodules, or nipple discharge, which can develop into breast cancer in the context of psychological pressure. Therefore, it is timely and effectively necessary for people to treat the symptoms. At present, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) often treats breast hyperplasia by oral drug, external application, acupuncture, moxibustion, and massage, while western medicine often uses hormone therapy or surgery. TCM can regulate hormone levels to treat breast hyperplasia. Acupuncture, moxibustion, and other methods can stimulate acupoints to reduce breast lumps. However, since TCM is easy to produce hepatorenal toxicity after long-term use and simple external treatment is slow to take effect, rapid and effective treatment is difficult to be achieved. Although western medicine can inhibit the disease, it is easy to produce toxic and side effects if taken for a long time. In addition, surgery can only remove the focus and the recurrence rate is high. Some studies have found that the combination of oral and external use of TCM compounds has a significant effect, with mild toxic and side effects, few adverse reactions, and a low recurrence rate. Based on the relevant literature in recent years, this article reviewed the combination of oral and external treatment of TCM in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands, discussed the effectiveness, clinical evaluation indexes, and mechanism, and pointed out the existing shortcomings to explore a comprehensive therapy worthy of clinical application.

Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in Paeonia veitchii / 中国中药杂志

Paeonia veitchii and P. lactiflora are both original plants of the famous Chinese medicinal drug Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have important medicinal value and great potential in the flower market. The selection of stable and reliable reference genes is a necessary prerequisite for molecular research on P. veitchii. In this study, two reference genes, Actin and GAPDH, were selected as candidate genes from the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The expression levels of the two candidate genes in different tissues(phloem, xylem, stem, leaf, petiole, and ovary) and different growth stages(bud stage, flowering stage, and dormant stage) of P. veitchii were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative technology(qRT-PCR). Then, the stability of the expression of the two reference genes was comprehensively analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the expression patterns of Actin and GAPDH were stable in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii. Furthermore, the expression levels of eight genes(Pv-TPS01, Pv-TPS02, Pv-CYP01, Pv-CYP02, Pv-CYP03, Pv-BAHD01, Pv-UGT01, and Pv-UGT02) in different tissues were further detected based on the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The results showed that when Actin and GAPDH were used as reference genes, the expression trends of the eight genes in different tissues of P. veitchii were consistent, validating the reliability of Actin and GAPDH as reference genes for P. veitchii. In conclusion, this study finds that Actin and GAPDH can be used as reference genes for studying gene expression levels in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii.

Selection of chemical markers for identification of different species of Juniperri Caulis et Folium based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS metabonomics technology / 药学学报

In this study, untargeted metabolomics technology based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze and identify the overall chemical components of Juniperri Caulis et Folium. Chemical markers for the identification of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species were screened by integrated principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. A total of 58 chemical components were detected and 46 of them were identified, including 26 flavonoids, 8 organic acids and their derivatives, 4 phenylpropanoids, 3 terpenoids, and 5 other components. Among them, methylsyringin and ekersenin were identified for the first time. In the positive ion mode, 12 markers were screened, and in the negative ion mode, 13 markers were screened for species identification. In summary, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS metabonomics technology combined with chemometrics method can effectively reveal the chemical composition differences of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species, and provide reference for its species identification and quality control.

Advance in emotion ability intervention of children with hearing impariment / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#There are many problems in emotion ability development of hearing impaired children, such as emotion recognition, emotion expression obstacle, emotion understanding limitation and emotion regulation impropriety, etc., which seriously affect their social adaptation and mental health. Making systematic and individualized intervention programs can effectively promote the development of emotion ability of hearing impaired children. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of the emotion ability development of hearing impaired children, this paper reviews the existing intervention studies, and proposes future research directions in view of the deficiencies of existing studies, in order to provide reference for the research on emotion ability intervention of hearing impaired children.

Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia seven years after heart-lung transplantation: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

This article reported a successful cesarean section performed on a woman with 37 +6 weeks of gestation after heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patient was a 29-year-old woman with singleton pregnancy who underwent HLTx seven years ago. During pregnancy, she was treated with azathioprine and tacrolimus to suppress immune rejection. The patient was in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅰ and had no fever or shortness of breath. Prenatal examinations indicated that the mother and the fetus were in good condition. A baby girl was delivered successfully at full term by a transverse lower-segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Both the mother and the child were healthy at follow-up of 42 d after discharge.

Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor ameliorates acute ulcerative colitis in mice via regulating intestinal bacteria homeostasis and Nrf2/NLRP3 pathway to repair intestinal mucosa / 药学学报

This study investigated the protective effect and related mechanisms of Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor on mice with ulcerative colitis. Animal experiments follow the rules of Animal Ethics Committee of Southern Medical University. C57BL/6 mice were given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 6 days to induce acute ulcerative colitis. During this period, Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor, decoction of Citrus reticulata blanco (both orally administrated with 300 mg·kg-1·d-1 crude polysaccharide) or positive drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) were gavaged continuously for 9 days. Cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The levels of inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 / Nod-like receptor protein 3 (Nrf2/NLRP3) pathway related proteins in the colon were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence and Western blot. Our results showed that Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor and Citrus reticulata blanco protected against UC-induced weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, and colon shortening. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 6 (Il-6) and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10) and NLRP3 inflammasome were significantly decreased; the mRNA levels of colon anti-inflammatory factor (Il-10), tight junction protein [zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1), occludin, claudin-1], mucin 2 (Muc2), Nrf2, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were significantly increased. In addition, Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor increased the abundance of Akkermansia and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria Enterococcus and Streptococcus. The correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Akkermansia was positively correlated with anti-inflammatory factors, tight junction protein and the related genes levels of Nrf2 signaling pathway. In summary, Xinhui citrus fermentation liquor ameliorates acute ulcerative colitis in mice via regulating intestinal bacteria homeostasis and Nrf2/NLRP3 pathway to repair intestinal mucosa.

Pyrotinib Plus Vinorelbine Versus Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Previously Treated HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Pyrotinib is a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB (erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog) receptor oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with promising efficacy in the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. The phase III PHOEBE study proved that pyrotinib plus capecitabine exceeded lapatinib plus capecitabine (LX) in PFS (p < 0.001). Oral vinorelbine is commonly used in combination with anti-HER2 treatment. However, no evidence was reported in terms of the real-world pattern, safety, and efficacy of pyrotinib plus vinorelbine (NP) compared with LX. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively evaluated for all HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who experienced progression on prior trastuzumab-containing regimens (advanced setting) and taxane (any setting) and received NP or LX therapy from 2015 to 2021 in five institutions. RESULTS: A total of 224 patients were enrolled and evaluated, of which 132 (58.9%) patients received LX and 92 (41.1%) patients received NP. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) of NP group was significantly longer than that in LX group (8.3 vs 5.0 months, HR = 0.47 95% CI 0.34-0.65, p < 0.001). The advantage of NP over LX was seen both in patients with trastuzumab resistance (p < 0.001) and refractoriness (p = 0.004). The NP group had more diarrhea cases (23.9%) compared to the LX group (8.3%). Discontinuation rates in the two groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This trial revealed the clinical practice of NP and LX treatment among HER2+ MBC patients pretreated with trastuzumab in China. More patients received LX than NP in real-world while the efficacy of NP exceeded LX in terms of PFS regardless of resistant status of trastuzumab. Although the NP group had more diarrhea cases, toxicities in both groups were acceptable.

Novel Coronavirus Pandemic Impacts Children and Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being in Heavily Hit Chinese Provinces

AbstractsIn light of the novel coronaviruss (COVID-19s) threat to public health worldwide, we sought to elucidate COVID-19s impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents in China. Through online self-report questionnaires, we aimed to discover the psychological effects of the pandemic and its associated risk factors for developing mental health symptoms in young people. We disseminated a mental health survey through online social media, WeChat, and QQ in the five Chinese provinces with the most confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the late stage of the country-wide lockdown. We used a self-made questionnaire that queried children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 on demographic information, psychological status, and other lifestyle and COVID-related variables. A total of 17,740 children and adolescents with valid survey data participated in the study. 10,022 (56.5%), 11,611 (65.5%), 10,697 (60.3%), 6,868 (38.7%), and 6,225 (35.1%) participants presented, respectively, more depressive, anxious, compulsive, inattentive, and sleep-related problems compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. High school students reported a greater change in depression and anxiety than did middle school and primary school students. Despite the fact that very few children (0.1%) or their family members (0.1%) contracted the virus in this study, the psychological impact of the pandemic was clearly profound. Fathers anxiety appeared to have the strongest influence on a childrens psychological symptoms, explaining about 33% of variation in the childs overall symptoms. Other factors only explained less than 2% of the variance in symptoms once parents anxiety was accounted for. The spread of COVID-19 significantly influenced the psychological state of children and adolescents. It is clear that children and adolescents, particularly older adolescents, need mental health support during the pandemic. The risk factors we uncovered suggest that reducing fathers anxiety is particularly critical to addressing young peoples mental health disorders in this time.

Research Progress on Role and Mechanism of Elabela in Organ Fibrosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Elabela is a newly discovered peptide in recent years.It is the endogenous ligand of Apelin receptor(APJ)and plays an important role in embryonic development and adult organs.Elabela-APJ axis is closely related to organ fibrosis.Elabela can protect the functions of heart and kidney by antagonizing renin-angiotensin system and regulating blood pressure.In addition,it can prevent kidney and heart fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of fibrosis and inflammatory factors.However,there is a positive correlation between the level of Elabela and the degree of liver fibrosis,suggesting that Elabela may play a role in promoting liver fibrosis.This review aims to explore the role of Elabela-APJ axis in renal fibrosis,cardiac fibrosis,and liver fibrosis,and to provide a new therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.

Effect of Compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Couplet Medicines on Glucolipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats Before and After Salt-processing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats before and after salt-processing. Method:The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low dose streptozotocin （STZ）， the model rats were randomly divided into six groups， including the model group， metformin group （200 mg·kg^-1）， and different compatibility groups of raw and salt-processed of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex （6.48 g·kg^-1）. In addition， The same week old rats fed with normal diet were set as the blank group. After 30 d of continuous intragastric administration， changes of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting serum insulin （FINS）， glycosylated serum protein （GSP）， hepatic glycogen， blood lipid ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）］， nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）， adipocytokines ［adiponectin （ADP） and leptin）］， kidney function ［blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （CRE）］ and other indicators of rats from different groups were detected， and the insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） were calculated， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney of rats from different groups. Result:Compared with the model group， compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines before and after salt-processing all could decrease the levels of FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， NEFA， leptin， BUN， CRE and HOMA-IR， and increase the contents of FINS， HDL-C， ADP， hepatic glycogen and ISI， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most significant effect on regulating glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. The compatibility of all couplet medicines could improve the histopathological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney in type 2 diabetic rats， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most prominent effect on repairing pathological damage. Conclusion:The compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex before and after salt-processing can improve glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats， while the comprehensive effect of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex<italic> </italic>on lowering glucose and regulating lipid is the best.

Long Non-coding RNA BTG3-7:1 and JUND Co-regulate C21ORF91 to Promote Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progress.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of highly invasive breast cancer with poor prognosis. Recently, massive data reveal that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancer progress. Recently, although the role of lncRNAs in breast cancer has been well documented, few focused on TNBC. In this study, we aimed to systematically identify functional lncRNAs and to explore its molecular mechanism on TNBC progress. METHODS: The recurrence of lncRNAs and their target genes were validated with TNBC biopsies and cell lines. Total one hundred and thirteen TNBC biopsies, including nineteen patient-matched samples, were collected. The profile of TNBC-related lncRNAs and their target genes were characterized by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis. Tumor specific lncRNAs, which also showed biological function correlated with TNBC, were identified as potential candidates; and the target genes, which regulated by the identified lncRNAs, were predicted by the analysis of expression correlation and chromosome colocalization. Cross bioinformatic validation was performed with TNBC independent datasets from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). The biological functions and molecular mechanism were investigated in TNBC model cell lines by cell colony forming assay, flow cytometry assay, western-blot, RNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization assay (RNA FISH) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR). RESULTS: Abundant Lnc-BTG3-7:1, which targets gene C21ORF91, was specifically observed in TNBC biopsies and cell lines. Knockdown of Lnc-BTG3-7:1 or C21ORF91 strongly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle G1-arrested. Meanwhile, investigation of molecular mechanism indicated that Lnc-BTG3-7:1, cooperated with transcription factor JUND, cis-regulated the transcription of C21ORF91 gene, and down-regulation of Lnc-BTG3-7:1/C21ORF91 suppressed GRB2-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and GRB2-PI3K-AKT-GSK3ß-ß-catenin pathways. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identified a TNBC specific lncRNA Lnc-BTG3-7:1, which sustained tumor progress. Up-regulation of Lnc-BTG3-7:1 promoted the transcription of oncogene C21ORF91 and activated PI3K-AKT-GSK3ß-ß-catenin and MAPK pathways. Taken together, our results not only identified a biomarker for diagnosis but also provided a potential therapeutic target against TNBC.