Differences in the absolute muscle strength and power of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review.

This study aimed to describe absolute muscle strength and power in children and adolescents with obesity, overweight and normal weight, and the assessment tests and tools used. We retrieved observational studies from MEDLINE (PubMed), TripDataBase, Epistemonikos, EBSCO essentials, NICE, SCOPUS, and LILACs up to February 2023. In addition, we recovered data from studies with at least three comparison groups (obesity, overweight, normal weight) and with a description of the absolute muscle strength and power and the assessment tests and instruments used. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs checklist, and the review was carried out using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Eleven studies with 13,451 participants from 6 to 18 years of age were once included, finding that the absolute muscle strength of their upper extremities was greater when they were overweight or obese; however, in the same groups, absolute muscle strength was lower when they carried their body weight. In addition, lower limb absolute muscle strength was significantly lower in obese participants than in normal weight, regardless of age and gender. The most used tools to measure the absolute muscle strength of the upper limbs were the grip dynamometers and push-up exercises. In contrast, different jump tests were used to measure the power of the lower limbs. There are great differences in muscle strength and power between overweight or obese children and adolescents and those with normal weight. Therefore, it is recommended to use validated tests, preferably that assess strength through the load of the patient's body weight, either of the upper or lower limbs, for greater evaluation objectivity that facilitates the management of these children and adolescents.

An Innovative 3D Printed Tooth Reduction Guide for Precise Dental Ceramic Veneers.

Tooth reduction guides allow clinicians to obtain the ideal space required for ceramic restorations. This case report describes a novel design (CAD) for an additive computer-aided manufactured (a-CAM) tooth reduction guide with channels that permitted access for the preparation and evaluation of the reduction with the same guide. The guide features innovative vertical and horizontal channels that permit comprehensive access for preparation and evaluation of the reduction with a periodontal probe, ensuring uniform tooth reduction and avoiding overpreparation. This approach was successfully applied to a female patient with non-carious lesions and white spot lesions, resulting in minimally invasive tooth preparations and hand-crafted laminate veneer restorations that met the patient's aesthetic demands while preserving tooth structure. Compared to traditional silicone reduction guides, this novel design offers greater flexibility, enabling clinicians to evaluate tooth reduction in all directions and providing a more comprehensive assessment. Overall, this 3D printed tooth reduction guide represents a significant advancement in dental restoration technology, offering clinicians a useful tool for achieving optimal outcomes with minimal tooth reduction. Future work is warranted to compare tooth reductions and preparation time for this guide to other 3D printed guides.

Infección con SARS-CoV2, antes y después de la vacunación, en funcionarios de un hospital de mediana y alta complejidad / Sars-CoV2 infection, before and after vaccination, in health care workers of a medium and high complexity hospital

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 evidenció la importancia de los trabajadores esen-ciales de la salud. Objetivo: Estimar la ocurrencia de la infección por el virus Sars_CoV2 en funcionarios de un hospital, antes y después de implementación del programa de vacunación institucional y la fracción preventiva atribuible a la vacunación. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte histórica, teniendo como punto de inicio la fecha del primer funcionario diagnosticado con la Covid19 en el Hospital. Alrededor de mil traba-jadores fueron examinados, durante el periodo de estudio comprendido entre junio de 2020 y octubre 2021. Se utilizó el estadístico de Kaplan-Meier, para comparar la velocidad de infección y la fracción preventiva atribuible al programa de vacunación. Resultados. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la reducción de casos según tipo de trabajo, los trabajadores asistenciales experimentaron una reducción del 58,1%, de 124 a 52 y la diferencia en la mediana de la velocidad de infección, antes y después, Log Rank = 127,4 gl = 1 p = 0,000; los administrativos 51,7% de 29 a 14, mediana log Rank = 34,4 gl = 1 p = 0,000, y los operativos 45,5% de 11 a 6, mediana Log Rank = 13,5 gl = 1 p = 0,000. La fracción atribuible preventiva entre los asistenciales fue 47,5% (37,4­54,9); 85,2% (77,7­88,9) en administrativos y una reducción no significativa de 43,6% (-20,7, 63,2) en operativos. Conclusiones: Los trabajadores asistenciales tienen un riesgo alto de contraer la infección por Sars_CoV2. Fue una acertada decisión vacunar a todos los trabajadores del hospital, el impacto es demostrable.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of essential health care workers.Objective: To estimate the occurrence of Sars_CoV2 virus infection in hospital staff before and after implementation of the institutional vaccination program and the preventive fraction attributable to vaccination. Material and methods: Historical cohort study, having as starting point the date of the first employee diagnosed with Covid19 in the Hospital. About one thousand workers were exa-mined, during the study period from June 2020 to October 2021. The Kaplan-Meier statistic was used to compare the infection, rate and the preventive fraction attributable to the vac-cination program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the reduction of cases according to type of work, with the assistential workers experiencing a reduction of 58.1%, from 124 to 52 and the difference in median infection rate, before and after, Log Rank = 127.4 gl = 1 p = 0.000; the administrative 51.7% from 29 to 14, median Log Rank = 34.4 gl = 1 p = 0.000, and the operatives 45.5% from 11 to 6, median Log Rank = 13.5 gl = 1 p = 0.000. The preventive attributable fraction among assistants was 47.5% (37.4-54.9); 85.2% (77.7-88.9) in adminis-trative and a non-significant reduction of 43.6% (-20.7, 63.2) in operatives.Conclusions: Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting Sars_CoV2 infection. It was a wise decision to vaccinate all hospital workers, the impact is demonstrable.

Desafios atuais na conduta clínica em pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica ­ HAS / Urrent challenges in the clinical management of patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension - SAH

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença crônica, geralmente silenciosa e de alta prevalência. O cirurgião-dentista (CD) tem papel importante no acompanhamento e detecção de HAS subdiagnosticada. Além disso, a realização de procedimentos odontológicos em pacientes hipertensos, gera diversas dúvidas quanto à conduta, principalmente relacionadas com o limiar de pressão arterial (PA) e complicações que possam surgir durante o atendimento. OBJETIVO: Descrever estratégias de conduta e intervenção durante o atendimento odontológico de pacientes com HAS. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa por meio da busca nas bases de dados PUBMED/MEDLINE®, SCOPUS® e Web of Science com os seguintes descritores, "Hypertension AND Dental care AND Oral health". Foram incluídos os artigos que abordassem conduta odontológica em paciente com HAS, estivessem em inglês, disponíveis on-line e sem restrição de período. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 570 artigos que, depois da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultaram em sete artigos para leitura de texto completo. Verificou-se que todos eles tinham origem nos Estados Unidos da América, sendo que seis estudos eram revisões. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos mostraram que não há necessidade de suspender os procedimentos odontológicos em pacientes assintomáticos com PA abaixo de 180-110 mmHg. Entretanto, sempre é preciso avaliar o perfil de risco, a presença de sintomas cardiovasculares, a extensão do procedimento odontológico, a necessidade de protocolo de redução de ansiedade e considerar o risco e benefício da intervenção.

Infección por SARS-CoV-2 y enfermedad COVID-19: revisión literaria / SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: a literary review

RESUMEN El SARS-CoV-2 es el patógeno causante de una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y potencialmente mortal denominada COVID-19. Dicha patología se ha extendido rápidamente a nivel mundial, constituyendo un importante problema de salud pública. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afecta principalmente al sistema respiratorio, pero también puede existir el compromiso de otros órganos. En población susceptible la enfermedad puede cursar con manifestaciones clínicas graves, aumentando la tasa de complicaciones y tornando sombrío el pronóstico de estos individuos. Actualmente, el tratamiento es sintomático, dado que no se cuenta con fármacos específicos que tengan evidencia sólida para combatir la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Es por ello que la piedra angular para evitar la propagación del nuevo coronavirus es la prevención. Esta revisión narrativa se realiza partiendo de la evidencia científica disponible en las diferentes bases datos, y de esta manera, además de instruir al público en los aspectos claves de esta entidad, despertará el interés por dilucidar los mecanismos y particularidades de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogen that causes a highly contagious and life-threatening disease, called COVID-19. This pathology has quickly spread worldwide posing a major public health problem. SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly affects the respiratory system, but it could also impact other organs. In susceptible population, the disease can occur with severe clinical manifestations, increasing the rate of complications and making the prognosis of these individuals difficult. Currently, treatment is symptomatic since there are no specific drugs that have concrete evidence to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, prevention is the cornerstone to stop the spread of the new coronavirus. This narrative is developed based on the scientific evidence available in different databases. In addition to informing the public on the key aspects of this pandemic, it will awaken interest in elucidating the mechanisms and particularities of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

[Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its relation with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx]. / Correlação da infecção viral pelo papilomavírus humano com as lesões papilomatosas e o carcinoma epidermóide na boca e orofaringe.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a connection between infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and development of malignant (squamous cell carcinoma) and benign lesions (epithelial hyperplasia papillomatosis and papilloma) of the oral cavity and oropharynx. METHOD: A retrospective study of 66 blades and paraffin blocks with biopsy tissue fixed with formalin. This material, collected in 2002, refers to a group of 44 men (66.7%) and 22 women (33.3%) with ages ranging from 11 to 100 years, with confirmed diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma in 38 cases, of epithelial hyperplasia papillomatosis in 20 cases and of papillomas in 8 cases. This material was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the presence of viral DNA in the biopsy samples was determined. RESULTS: Presence of the viral DNA (HPV) in 16 of the 38 cases of carcinoma (42.5%), 19 in 20 cases of hyperplasia (95%) and 8 in 8 cases of papilloma (100%) was detected. CONCLUSION: The samples in this study show the predominant incidence of the HPV in the epithelial hyperplasia papillomatosis and papilloma in relation to squamous cell carcinoma. This last lesion, on the other hand, did not show statistical correlation to the HPV.

Correlação da infecção viral pelo papilomavírus humano com as lesões papilomatosas e o carcinoma epidermóide na boca e orofaringe / Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its relation with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx

O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer a relação entre a infecção pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e o desenvolvimento de lesões malignas (carcinoma epidermóide) e benignas (hiperplasia epitelial papilomatosa e papiloma) de cavidade bucal e orofaringe. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 66 lâminas e blocos de parafina com tecido biopsiado e fixado com formalina. Esse material, colhido no ano de 2002, refere-se a uma casuística de 44 homens (66,7 por cento) e 22 mulheres (33,3 por cento) com idades que variavam entre 11 e 100 anos. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em 38 casos de carcinoma epidermóide, 20 casos de hiperplasia epitelial papilomatosa e oito casos de papilomas. Utilizamos a imunohistoquímica para analisar este material e determinar a possível presença do DNA viral nas amostras citadas. RESULTADOS: Detectamos a presença do DNA viral (HPV) em 16 dos 38 casos de carcinoma (42,5 por cento), 19 em 20 casos de hiperplasia (95 por cento) e em todos os oito casos de papilomas (100 por cento). CONCLUSAO: Este estudo demonstrou que as lesões papilomatosas e hiperplásicas da boca e orofaringe estão associadas ao HPV, ao contrário do carcinoma espinocelular que não apresentou correlação estatística significante com este agente infeccioso.