ABSTRACT
This double-blind study provides evidence that skin testing with dialyzed Hymenoptera venoms is a more accurate, reliable method of diagnosing hypersensitivity to the sting of honeybee, yellow jacket, yellow hornet, white-faced hornet, and wasp than is skin testing with the corresponding whole body diagnostic allergenic extract. Furthermore, the incidence of false-positives was greatly reduced by using the dialyzed Hymenoptera venom (HDV) diagnosis. In this clinical trial, most sensitive individuals had skin test reactions greater than the diluent control at concentrations of 1 mug/ml or below. Levels of venom diagnostic of 100 mug/ml appeared to produce nonspecific local irritation. Skin test with whole body diagnostic allergenic extract did not produce a consistent differentiation between sensitive and nonsensitive individuals. No untoward reactions were seen using the dialyzed Hymenoptera venom (HDV) diagnostic.
Subject(s)
Hymenoptera , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Venoms/pharmacology , Animals , Clinical Trials as Topic , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Histamine Release , Humans , Insect Bites and Stings/immunology , Skin Tests , Tissue Extracts/pharmacologySubject(s)
Cellulose/therapeutic use , Collagen/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Hemostatics/therapeutic use , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Animals , Brain Injuries/therapy , Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Dogs , Foreign-Body Reaction , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Kidney/injuries , Liver/injuries , Pancreas/injuries , RabbitsSubject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Proteus Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Dogs , Female , Male , Prostate/microbiology , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Sulfadiazine/administration & dosage , Sulfonamides/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Folic Acid Antagonists/metabolism , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatitis/drug therapy , Pyrimidines/metabolism , Sulfonamides/metabolism , Animals , Dogs , Drug Synergism , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Male , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Sulfadiazine/metabolism , Sulfamethoxazole/metabolism , Sulfanilamides/metabolism , Sulfisomidine/metabolismSubject(s)
Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatitis/drug therapy , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Animals , Dogs , Drug Synergism , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Klebsiella/drug effects , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Proteus/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Sulfadiazine/pharmacology , Sulfamethoxazole/pharmacology , Sulfisomidine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A pH indicator and dextrose were incorporated into growth media as a modification of microbial microtiter methods for determining the minimal inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial drugs. This modified method was tested to evaluate the ease of reading end points by changes in the indicator color. Application of the procedure to two media, three indicators, and eight species of bacteria indicated that definitive end points could be reached as a result of indicator color change caused by acid production during bacterial growth. This method is accurate and reproducible. It is a modification which eliminates a need for plating and facilitates the reading of minimal inhibitory concentration end points.
