ABSTRACT
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.
ABSTRACT
Background: Managing diabetes mellitus with currently available drugs is costly, and the chances of side effects are high, leading to further studies for new and better medications from plant sources with the affordable and lower side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae) Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were induced into diabetes using 150mg/kg of STZ. Mice were allocated randomly into six groups, five mice per group. Group I was a normal control, Group II was Diabetic negative control, group III was Diabetic positive control, Group IV-VI were Diabetic Mice that treated with extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. After 14th day of treatment the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether. Then, blood was drawn by cardiac puncture to assess TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6, exported to SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The extract of D. stramonium reduced the FBG level by 19.71%, 30.27%, 40.95%, and 45.67%, respectively, for D. stramonium 100, 200, 400, and GLC 5 mg/kg on the 14th day of treatment. Diabetic mice treated with D. stramonium for 14 days â¯â¯showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL, and serum TG and a significant increase in body weight, and HDL level as compared to diabetic negative control. Antioxidant activities of the leaves extract were comparable to ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 172.79 µg/mL. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the D. stramonium leaves extract possesses significant Anti-diabetic activities.
ABSTRACT
Background: The exact cause of brain tumours is still unknown, but disruptions of redox balance are thought to play a significant role in all stages of brain tumour development. However, the roles of free radical imbalance at different grades of brain tumour and degree of oxidative stress before and after surgery have not been addressed in prior studies. Aim: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the redox imbalance among confirmed brain tumour patients. Methods and results: An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 participants (50 brain tumour patients and 50 controls) at referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc) analysis were used and statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. The serum oxidised glutathione and total oxidative stress were significantly higher in the serum of brain tumour patients (0.72 ± 0.03 µM/µg and 9.66 ± 1.76 µmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) compared to the control group (0.21 ± 0.07 µM/µg and 6.59 ± 0.81 µmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). The serum total oxidant status gradually increased as the tumour grade increased, being higher in grade four (11.96 ± 0.72) and lower in grade one (8.43 ± 1.56), and the mean differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0 05). A statistically significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (116.78 ± 5.03 Trolox Eq/L) was obtained in the post-surgery than pre-surgery level (79.65 ± 17.914 Trolox Eq/L) (p ≤ 0 05). Conclusion: Higher oxidant and lower antioxidant levels were found in the serum of brain tumour patients than in the control group. The post-surgery oxidant level was lower than the pre-surgery state. The findings of this study could suggest that redox imbalance may have a role in the pathophysiology of brain tumours, but further experimental studies are needed.
