[Agrobacterium-mediated sunflower transformation (Helianthus annuus L.) in vitro and in Planta using strain of LBA4404 harboring binary vector pBi2E with dsRNA-suppressor proline dehydrogenase gene].

To estimate the efficiency of proline dehydrogenase gene suppression towards increasing of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) tolerance level to water deficit and salinity, we employed strain LBA4404 harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor, which were prepared on basis arabidopsis ProDH1 gene. The techniques of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro and in planta during fertilization sunflower have been proposed. There was shown the genotype-depended integration of T-DNA in sunflower genome. PCR-analysis showed that ProDH1 presents in genome of inbred lines transformed in planta, as well as in T1- and T2-generations. In trans-genic regenerants the essential accumulation of free L-proline during early stages of in vitro cultivation under normal conditions was shown. There was established the essential accumulation of free proline in transgenic regenerants during cultivation under lethal stress pressure (0.4 M mannitol and 2.0% sea water salts) and its decline upon the recovery period. These data are declared about effectiveness of suppression of sunflower ProDH and gene participation in processes connected with osmotolerance.

[RAPD-analysis of soybean cell line with cross-resistance to tungsten and vanadium oxyanions].

The effect of vanadium oxyanions on genome of soybean (Glycine max L., Merr.) in tungsten-resistant cell line was studied. The line is resistant to V(5+)-oxyanions. RAPD-amplicons with identical length are differentially synthesized from DNAs of tungsten-resistant cell line as well as of the initial culture was shown by using the lethal dose of oxyanions W6+ and then V5+. The presence of instable loci in soybean genome under different stressors is discussed.

[Programmed death of the eukaryote cells]. / Zaprogrammirovannaia gibel' éukarioticheskikh kletok.

The authors review literary and own data on programmed death of cells (PDC) in animals and plants, molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in animals, and key PDC regulating genes.

[Genomic variability of sugar beet morphogenic and non-morphogenic callus]. / Genomnaia izmenchivost' morfogennogo i nemorfogennogo kallusa kormovoi svekly.

Cytogenetic characters and the level of DNA methylation were studied in sugarbeet callus cultures with different morphogenic potential which were obtained from the same leaf explant. It was shown that non-morphogenic callus in comparison with the morphogenic one was characterized by the higher level of cell ploidy and of the frequency of chromosome structural rearrangements even at the early stages of cultivation. Overspiralization of chromosomes and formation of condensed chromatin were observed in polyploid cells of non-morphogenic callus. At the same time cytosine hypermethylation occurs in site-specific CpCpGpG-sequences of DNA indicating the possible role of this DNA modification in the processes of genome rearrangements.

[Variability of DNA methylation in sugar beet morphogenesis]. / Variabel'nost' metilirovaniia DNK v morfogeneze sakharnoi svekly.

The state of DNA methylation in green leaves and etiolated seedlings of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were compared. Using methylsensitive enzymes of restriction the site-specificity of DNA methylation was shown. Sites of Msp1 and DraII recognition were subjected to the greatest differentiated modification. External residues of CpCpGpG-sites cytosine were extensively undermethylated in DNA of roots than that both hypocotyls with cotyledons and leaves. In DNA of etiolated seedlings the sites of Xho1, DraII, recognition showed the high level of methylation while in the leaf DNA they were undermethylated in different degree. Variability of enzymatic modification of cytosine indicated to the possible participation of methylation in morphogenesis of sugar beet.

[Variability of RNA in morphogenesis of sugar beet and sunflower leaves]. / Variabel'nost' RNK v morfogeneze list'ev sakharnoi svekly i podsolnechnika.

We investigated the developmental gene expression patterns of Beta vulgaris L. using DNA: RNA hybridization reactions. We found that 2,100 and 900 diversive poly(A)+mRNA were synthesized while 430 and 4,000 diversive poly(A)+mRNA were disappeared during greening in cells of cotyledons and during senescence in cells of yellowing leaves respectively. In the other periods of sugar beet vegetation differential poly(A)+mRNA transcription failed to be revealed in the cells of green leaves within the limits of sensitivity of this method. On the average in the sugar beet green leaves 34,600 poly(A)+mRNA are synthesized, whereas in the sunflower cells cytoplasm (Helianthus annuus L.) about 94,000 diverse mRNA are synthesized. The comparison with some literary data testifies about the species specificity of gene expression pattern during the morphogenesis of the cultural plants.

[Comparative study of nuclear RNA and polysomal mRNA in sunflower seedlings]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie iadernoi RNK i polisomnoi mRNK prorostkov podsolnechnika.

A comparative study of nRNA and polysomal mRNA complexity in the sunflower seedlings by molecular DNA:RNA hybridization method was carried out. It is established that nRNA complexity 4 times exceeds that of mRNA and is equal to 4.85.10(8) bp. Thus the nuclear RNA is expressed from at least 50.47% of single-copy DNA or 10.40% of genome. This data allow the presence of regulation of sunflower genome expression on the posttranscriptional level to be assumed.