Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Orbit/growth & development , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Orbit/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The present paper generalizes the tactical principles of the examination and treatment of patients with orbital fractures. The clinical signs of a fracture are evaluated, with emphasis laid on the significant and insignificant symptoms. Routine X-ray study is regarded as an inadequate diagnostic technique, computed tomography is presented as a basic procedure for detecting and detailing the specific features of the fracture. The cases (n = 161) are divided into 5 groups according to the types of fracture. The treatment sequence is defined, by taking into account the severity of injury. The time of reparative operations (early or late) is recommended in terms of the risk for ocular dysfunction. The principles of reparative and compensatory surgical techniques for different types of injuries, mainly by applying bony autografts and Carbotextim, are given.
Subject(s)
Fracture Fixation/methods , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Orbital Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Fractures/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trauma Severity IndicesABSTRACT
The paper analyzes the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) in posttraumatic lesion of the eye socket, ball, and appendage and identifies the basic groups of patients in whom CT is an essential study. In 2004, the Department of Traumatology, Reconstructive Surgery, and Eye Prosthesis, Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, performed CT in 323 patients (18.2% of the inpatients and 3.4% of the outpatients). Analyzing all CT images identified the basic groups of patients in whom this study was essential. The CT scans characterizing examples from each group of patients are given. The studies could extend indications in patients with posttraumatic lesion of the eye and orbital area for CT. The latter is an important and essential study in patients with traumatic pathology of the eye with multiple and hard-to-reach foreign bodies and with trauma of the soft and osseous structures of the orbit, which makes it possible to determine not only the possibility, but also pattern and scope of a surgical intervention and to assess its long-term result.
Subject(s)
Eye Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Orbit/injuries , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Eye Injuries/complications , Eye Injuries/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Trauma Severity IndicesABSTRACT
Seventeen patients with penetrating injuries in the posterior pole caused by mechanical trauma of the eye were analyzed clinically; such injuries were characterized by the development of the most severe complications, which led to eye loss. An incomplete sealing of the penetrating trauma of the eye fibrous capsule localized in the posterior sclera section was the main reason that predetermined a trauma outcome; it can be rarely diagnosed and is difficult for surgical treatment. Computer tomography, which makes it possible to detect and localize the discussed pathology, is the most informative method in diagnosing the posterior pole. The organ-saving effect and process stabilization were ensured in 98.5% of patients owing to the use of a set of diagnostic pre- and intraoperative techniques.
