ABSTRACT
The nasal valve is anatomically well defined, but, on a clinical point of view, it is more appropriate to talk about the nasal valve area. If the valve itself represents a three-step dynamic structure, its air-flow regulating function may be disturbed by minor adjacent structures deformations. It is of utmost importance to recognize the nasal valve dysfunction among patients with nasal obstruction complaints and to avoid any iatrogenic action at this level during rhinoplastic procedures. The various abnormalities of the nasal valve area described. Some general rules are outlined to repair this very delicate structure. In severe cases, good results are difficult to be reached. It is far better to adopt preventive rhinoplastic procedures.
Subject(s)
Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Humans , Nasal Cavity/abnormalities , Nasal Cavity/physiology , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Nose Deformities, Acquired/surgery , RhinoplastyABSTRACT
If the most part of the patients with septal perforation have an history of previous surgery, only few of them present symptoms and require surgical repair in spite of the various techniques described in the literature. Bilateral naso-septal mucosal flaps with temporalis fascia interposition graft give the best results. That's why the use of more complicated process remain the exception. Owing to the dubiousness of these reconstructions, it seems advisable to point out the value of preventive actions in order to preserve the nasal physiology.
Subject(s)
Nasal Septum/injuries , Humans , Nasal Septum/surgery , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
The ultrastructure of the process of degranulation of mast cells of human duodenal mucosa was examined. In normal controls little degranulation was seen, but in persons with false food allergy (pseudo-allergy) considerable degranulation of mast cells was detected. This is consistent with the hypothesis that some persons have an abnormal fragility of duodenal mast cells in the presence of histamine-releasing substances. Incubation of duodenal biopsy material with various histamine-releasing agents (compound 48/80, Concanavalin A, the calcium ionophore A 23187, and anti-IgE) confirmed the susceptibility of duodenal mast cells for antigen non-specific release of histamine, or that mediated by IgE. In a group of patients with immediate-type, anaphylactic, food allergy, mast cells in the absence of antigen are in a normal state, but degranulation occurs on exposure in vitro or in vivo to specific antigen. The susceptibility to degranulation continues in persons cured of their food allergy. This suggests that a clinical cure is not due to a change of susceptibility of duodenal mast cells to release histamine, but is possibly associated with formation of blocking antibodies, and/or a modification in reactivity of basophils and mast cells of other organs.
