[Enzyme immunoassay of immune complexes formed in vitro via interactions of serum antibodies with diphtheria toxin].

The interaction of diphtheria toxin with serum antitoxin antibodies has been studied by enzyme immunoassay at variable ratios of the original amounts of the antigen and antibodies in the reaction mixture. Under the conditions of excess of the antibodies, the free toxin is not detected, and free antibodies account for 68 to 98% of the original amount. Under the conditions of excess of the toxin, free antibodies account for 2 to 7% of the original amount and free toxin, for 80-100% of its original level. Under the conditions where the toxin is taken in excess, and the amounts of the toxin and the antibodies are equivalent, formed immune complexes are regularly detected in the reaction mixtures. In these complexes, part of the epitopes of the toxin remains free from antibodies. The data obtained are interpreted from the viewpoint of epitope heterogeneity, bivalency of serum antibodies, and monovalency of the toxin epitopes. A new model of the toxin-antibody interactions is proposed.

[The estimation of the amount of diphtheria toxin and its activity by various tests in the dynamic cultivation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8]. / Otsenka kolichestva difteriinogo toksina i ego aktivnosti raznymi testami v dinamike kul'tivirovaniia Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8.

Direct correlation between the results of tests for the biological activity of diphtheria toxin, carried out in vivo guinea pigs and in vitro in the microcytotoxicity test in CHO cell culture, has been established, which makes it possible to use the latter as one of the methods for the rapid, reproducible and economic evaluation of diphtheria toxin. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diphtheria toxin in the enzyme immunoassay with the use of monoclonal antibodies and in the microcytotoxicity test demonstrates that these two tests, when used for controlling cultivation processes, have essential advantages over the flocculation test as regards their specificity and information content.

[The immune response to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro]. / Immunnyi otvet k Pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro.

The results of studies made with the aim of selecting conditions for inducing immune response to P.pseudomallei are presented. The study revealed that the dose of the antigen, the amount of macrophages and the development of the process in stages are the decisive factors for inducing immune response. The proliferation of macrophages till their predominance in the culture was found to depend on the dose of the antigen. Some mitogens increased the antigen-induced proliferation of macrophages. The intensive in vitro synthesis of specific antibodies was observed at minimal doses of the antigen and the moderate content of macrophages. Under the action of mitogens and large doses of the antigen which induced the proliferation macrophages antibody synthesis was absent.

[Immune response of lymphocytes: new concepts]. / Immunnyi otvet limfotsitov: novye kontseptsii.

The paper discusses a new conceptual model of an immune response, whose basis is formed by the data on the heterogeneity of antigen suspensions, which have been disregarded by the earlier theories. It also concerns with the fact that some cells can show different responses to various antigen dosages. That the cells responsive to an antigen increase in number is regarded not only a process of differentiation, accompanied by its proliferation, but a gradual detection of cells sensitized by different dosages that determine the rate of manifestations and intensity of a response. The paper provides evidence for the hypothesis of the nature of plasma cells, deals with the mechanisms of T- and B-lymphocytic relationships.

[The development of a graft of embryonic mediobasal hypothalamus in the 3rd cerebral ventricle of the adult rat]. / Razvitie transplantata émbrional'nogo mediobazal'nogo gipotalamusa v 3-m zheludochke mozga vzrosloi krysy.

Development of the mediobasal hypothalamus from 15-day rat foetuses and 8-week human foetuses transplanted in the 3rd ventricle of the adult rat brain has been morphologically analyzed. The graft was shown to fill the ventral area of the 3rd ventricle and integrate with the host brain, as was especially distinct in the region of optic chiasma. The graft was abundantly vascularized and its vessels connected with the host brain vessels. The graft neurons were normally differentiating in situ. Some neurons migrated in the host brain. The graft neuropile ultrastructure was characterized by the abundance of synaptic contacts. Some graft neurons expressed dopaminergic phenotype by synthesizing tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA-decarboxylase and displaying specific capture of 3H-dopamine. Dopaminergic axons of the neurons were spreading both within the graft and penetrating in the host tissue, especially in the region of optic chiasma and tracts. Unlike allotransplantation in rats, survival of xenotransplants of the human embryonic nervous tissue in the 3rd ventricle of the adult rat brain was possible only under the conditions of constant immunosuppression.

[Acupuncture therapy in the comprehensive treatment of salpingo- oophoritis]. / Iglorefleksoterapiia v kompleksnom lechenii sal'pingooforitov.

Follow-up and therapy of 136 patients with nonspecific salpingo-oophoritis evidence the efficacy of acupuncture included in a complex of therapeutic measures for the treatment of this condition, as compared to traditional therapeutic modalities. Acupuncture therapy is conductive to shortening in-hospital therapy, to full-value normalization of the body immunobiologic defense and of the autonomic nervous system, and to a reduction of the incidence of the condition recurrences.

[Antitoxic properties of monoclonal antibodies against diphtheria toxin]. / Antitoksicheskie svoistva monoklonal'nykh antitel k difteriinomu toksinu.

Antitoxin properties of monoclonal antibodies to diphtheria toxin were studied in chick fibroblast culture and during the dermonecrotic tests in guinea pigs. Antitoxic properties were shown for antibodies specific to B subunit of the toxin but not for the ones specific to a subunit. The mixture of monoclonal B subunit specific antibodies reveals a higher neutralizing activity as compared with the activity produced by any single monoclonal antibody tested. The protective activity demonstrated by antibodies is connected with the preventing of toxin molecules fixation on the cellular receptors.