[Effect of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae on functional activity and apoptosis of macrophages].

AIM: Determine the ability of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae to induce phagocytosis and apoptosis of macrophages and evaluate regulatory effect of nuetrophilokines (NPK) induced by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae on these processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ability of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae, isolated from upper respiratory tract, skin and urogenital tract (UGT) were studied for the ability to induce phagocytosis and apoptosis of mice macrophages (MP; in vitro during staining by May-Grunwald with additional staining by Romanowsky-Giemsa) before and after the addition of NPK induced by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae. RESULTS: Phagocytic index (PI) was the same for all the Corynebacterium non diphtheriae species, phagocytic number (PN) and index of phagocytosis completion (IPC)--were minimal relative to corynebacteria isolated from UGT. All the studied corynebacteria species induced MP apoptosis; the most pronounced apoptogenic effect was detected in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from UGT. NPK increased PN against corynebacteria isolated from the studied biotopes, IPC--only during studies of corynebacteria isolated from skin. The effect of NPK resulted in a reduction of apoptogenic effect for almost all the Corynebacterium non diphtheriae, regardless of the isolation location. CONCLUSION: A pronounced apoptogenic effect and insufficiency of phagocytosis processes induced by corynebacteria are the means of realization of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae pathogenic effect. NPK use is possible for immune correction of immune deficiency conditions developing against the background of diseases determined by Corynebacterium non diphtheriae.

[Immunocorrection of apoptogenic effect of pertussis preparations with neutrophilokines].

AIM: Study the possibility of resistance increase of macrophages of experimental animals to apoptogenic effect of pertussis preparations with neutrophilokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Apoptosis was evaluated in Coulter flow cytofluorimeter after staining with propidium iodide, as well as by characteristic morphologic changes in cells stained by histological preparations and by DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: The studies performed showed that pertussis preparations cause apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages leading to their alteration. Neutrophilokines induced by pertussis preparations were also established to suppress macrophage apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The results of our studies indicate the possibility to use neutrophilokines for immunocorrection of macrophage apoptosis induced by pertussis preparations.

[Influence of pertussis preparations on primary culture of peritoneal macrophages and continuous human monocyte-like cell line U937].

AIM: Selection of optimal tests for pertussis formulations (PF) cytotoxicity evaluation using mononuclear phagocytes model cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cellular pertussis vaccine, pertussis dialysated antigen and pertussis dialysated antigen fraction 2 cytotoxicity evaluation was performed by using primary mice peritoneal macrophage culture and human monocyte-like cell line U937. RESULTS: Mononuclear phagocytes are a simple, sensitive and easily accessible model for PF cytotoxicity evaluation. The results of analysis are available within 6 hours. CONCLUSION: This model may be recommended as screening test for detection of PF toxicity.

[Effect of neutrophilokines on functional activity of macrophages during formation of immunity against cholera].

AIM: To study effect of neutrophilokines on functional activity of macrophages (Mph) during formation of immunity against cholera. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to obtain peritoneal neutrophils (Nph), 2 ml of 0.1% glycogen solution in buffered with phosphates sodium chloride solution was administered intraperitoneally to 100 outbred mice. Vibrio cholerae 1130 in dose 10 microbial cells/Nph and cholera toxin (CT) in dose 1 or 10 mcg/ ml were used as inducers of neutrophilokines synthesis. Obtained neutrophilokines were assessed on their effect on phagocytic activity of Mph, resistance of these cells to cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Vibrio cholerae and CT as well as effect on lysosomal apparatus of Mph. RESULTS: It was established that neutrophilokines induced by Vibrio cholerae and CT stimulate killer activity of Mph and lability of their lysosomal membranes, and suppress programmed death of these cells. CONCLUSION: Results of studies revealed immunoregulatory activity of neutrophilokines relative to Mph and demonstrated ability for cooperation between mono- and polynuclear phagocytes mediated by cytokines and, in particular, neutrophilokines.

[Preparation of fractions and characteristic of neutrophilokines complex induced by Yersinia pestis EV].

Biochemical and immunobiologic characteristics of fractions of neutrophilokines during primary and secondary immune response against plague infection are presented. Fractions were obtained using gel chromatography from neutrophilokines complex induced by vaccine strain of Yersinia pestis. It was revealed that fractions of neutrophilokines regulate IL-2 synthesis by Th1-helpers, IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis by Th2-helpers and also expression of IL-2 receptors by immunocompetent cells. Helper effect of neutrophilokines' fractions was more pronounced during secondary immune response.

[Cytokines--a general system of homeostatic regulation of cell functions]. / Tsitokiny--obshchaia sistema gomeostaticheskoi reguliatsii kletochnykh funktsii.

The paper reviews biological characteristics of cytokines, which are short living molecules exerting pleiotropic and redundant effects on a variety of target cell types, influencing cell activation and differentiation. Significance of cytokines for patho- and immunogenesis of infections and other diseases is analysed, in addition to further perspectives of cytokine employment for prophylaxis and treatment of various diseases.

[The use of chemiluminescence for assessing the physiological status of macrophages activated by pertussis preparations]. / Ispol'zovanie khemiliuminestsentsii dlia otsenki fiziologicheskogo sostoianiia makrofagov, aktivirovannykh kokliushnymi preparatami.

The work deals with the comparative analysis of oxygen-dependent metabolic processes in the peritoneal macrophages of intact and immune, mice after their interaction with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV), dialyzed pertussis antigen (DPA) and fraction 2 of this antigen. The study revealed that WCPV, DPA and its fraction 2 modulated the production of active forms of oxygen by peritoneal macrophages, evaluated by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). The influence of WCPV of oxygen-dependent metabolic processes in macrophages after the first contacts with them had a dose-dependent character: low concentrations activated and higher concentrations suppressed the "respiratory" explosion. The immunization of animals abolished the effect of extinguishing CL on the contact of macrophages with high doses of WCPV and essentially increased the level of their CL response to all pertussis preparations in comparison with those for intact cells. DPA and its fraction 2 were not inferior to WCPV in their capacity for inducing the "respiratory" explosion, and in high doses they essentially surpassed WCPV doses in this capacity, especially on the first contact with macrophages.

[A comparative analysis of the effect of Bordetella pertussis preparations on a primary culture of murine peritoneal macrophages]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz vliianiia preparatov Bordetella pertussis na pervichnuiu kul'turu peritoneal'nykh makrofagov myshei.

The paper deals with comparative analysis of the effect of corpuscular pertussis vaccine (CPV), pertussis dialysate antigen (PDA) and its fraction 2 (fr. 2 PDA) on primary culture of peritoneal macrophages of mice. It is established that CPV possesses the expressed cytotoxic effect that is of dose-dependent character. PDA and 2 (fr. 2 PDA), in contrast to CPV had not such an effect. Only very high doses of preparations (100 micrograms by protein) evoked weak toxic effect on macrophages. Strict direct correlation between cytotoxic effect of pertussis preparations on the primary culture of peritoneal macrophages of mice and their capacity to induce leukolymphocytosis that permits recommending application of these cells to estimate toxicity of pertussis preparations and prediction of potentiality of development of side effects under their introduction.