ABSTRACT
The present review is focused on the literature publications concerning various aspects of significance of the human eye as an object of forensic medical identification. The data discussed in this review may provide a basis for the development of the algorithm of forensic ophthalmological studies of both living subjects and corpses; moreover, they can be used to determine the human age from the morphometric characteristics of eye tissues for the purpose of forensic medicine and criminal investigations. The authors emphasize the importance of purpose-oriented studies of various eye structures as a source of additional information for the application of the existing methods designed for personality identification. Changes in the eyes associated with congenital defects and ageing, surgical interventions, and their complications are discussed with special reference to their application in the practical work of forensic medical experts.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases , Eye/pathology , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Diseases/surgery , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Forensic Pathology/methods , Humans , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In this article demonstrated a clinical case of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with compression fractures of (Th(IV)). Indicates the basic risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis, clinic, diagnosis, principles of therapy.
Subject(s)
Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Fractures, Compression/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Spinal Fractures/prevention & control , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adult , Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage , Diphosphonates/administration & dosage , Female , Fractures, Compression/diagnostic imaging , Fractures, Compression/etiology , Humans , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Fractures/etiology , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuriesABSTRACT
A modified processing route for fabricating dense and porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics of desired and reproducible phase composition (hydroxyapatite (HA)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ratio) has been developed. The principal idea of the route was combining a precipitation and a solid phase methods. First, a nonstoichiometric (slightly carbonated calcium-deficient) HA (CdHA) precipitate was synthesized by mixing a calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) water suspension with an orthophosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)) solution in abundance (related to the amount resulting in a stoichiometric HA) under definite conditions, and a powder of the precipitate was prepared and calcinated in air (860 degrees C, 1.5 h). In the second stage, a BCP ceramics of the composition determined by the calcium-deficiency in a calcinated powder (the acid abundance in a mixture) was processed by sintering powder compacts with or without a porosizer under appropriate conditions (1,200 degrees C, 2h). A calibrating dependence of the HA/beta-TCP ratio in the ceramics on the acid abundance has been plotted which enabled a controlled preparation of BCP ceramics. A correlation based on unresolved bands in nu(4)-PO (4) (3-) domain in IR-spectra of nanostructured BCP materials was found. Using the correlation, the process of CdHA --> beta-TCP transformation could be easily monitored. The density and microhardness of the BCP ceramics neglectly depended on the composition, however, the compressive strength did: the lower the HA/beta-TCP ratio, the higher the strength in the dense materials.
