[The comprehensive evaluation of the age-specific changes in the skin]. / Kompleksnaia otsenka vozrastnykh izmenenii kozhi.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the age-specific changes in the skin at the anterior forearm surface of the men based on the results of the examination of 100 masculine corpses at the age varying from 18 to 80 years with the application of the low invasive techniques. The ultrasonograms were used to identify the qualitative characteristics of each skin layer being visualized with special reference to the thickness and echogenic properties of dermis and epidermis. The following parameters of the age-related changes in the skin microrelief were considered to be of particular interest: Volume (the volume of skin irregularities), SR (skin roughness), SW (skin wrinkling), and SS (skin smoothness). The qualitative characteristics of the age-specific changes in the skin as well as the parameters of its relief recorded during the ultrasound scanning can be used to comprehensively evaluate its age-related condition for the purpose of determination of the biological age of non-identified individuals. The calculation of the squared coefficient of correlation between the age-specific parameters of the skin and their changes taking into consideration the autosolvability requirements made it possible to predict the subject's age with a mean error of around 2.22 years.

[Immunohistochemical study of the specific features of expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 9 in the photoaged skin, the foci of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma]. / Immunogistokhimicheskoe issledovanie osobennostei ekspressii matriksnykh metalloproteinaz 1, 9 v kozhe s dermatogeliozom, ochagakh aktinicheskogo keratoza i bazal'no-kletochnogo raka kozhi.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate the degradation of all types of collagens and other extracellular matrix components (elastin, proteoglycans, and laminin), their synthesis and accumulation play a key role in the hydrolysis of basement membrane. MMPs are involved in a wide range of proteolytic processes in the presence of different physiological and pathological changes, including inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. AIM: to study the specific features of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in different stages of skin photoaging, in the foci of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 12 samples of the healthy skin (6 samples of the eyelid skin with Glogau grade II photoaging; 6 ones of eyelid skin with Glogau grades III-IV photoaging) and biopsies from 8 foci of actinic keratosis and from 8 ones of basal cell carcinoma were examined. A positive reaction to MMPs was shown as different brown staining intensity in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes/tumor cells. RESULTS: MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded in 67% of the histological specimens of the Glogau grade III photoaged skin and in 100% of those of Glogau grade IV. In the foci of actinic keratosis, the expression of MMP-1 was observed in 62.5% of cases and that of MMP-9 was seen in 87.5%. In basal cell carcinoma, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 was detected in all investigated samples. CONCLUSION: The immunomorphological findings are indicative of the important role of the level of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression that is associated with the degree of progression of skin photoaging processes. Minimal MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded even in grades III-IV photoaging and in the foci of actinic keratosis. Intense MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was detected in malignant skin epithelial neoplasms as different clinicomorphological types of basal cell carcinoma.

[Assessment of skin photoaging in middle-aged and elder patients with non-melanoma skin cancers].

The development of methods of early detection of non-melanoma skin cancers, assessment of risk factors, including photoaging, by means of non-invasive techniques are the main research interests of modern dermato-oncology and gerontology. In our study we aim to investigate the range of clinical features of photoaging in 92 patients older than 50 years (50 patients had malignant epithelial skin tumors (actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma), to reveal risk factors for basal-cell carcinoma using adapted SCINEXA scale and to assess of the pathomorphological features of dermathoheliosis using reflectance confocal microscopy. The assessment of photoaging by means of SCINEXA with subsequent non-invasive evaluation using reflectance confocal microscopy allows to evaluate the cumulative effect of the ultraviolet irradiation on the skin with objective criteria. That algorithm is perspective in terms of early detection of the risk factors of non-melanoma skin cancers.

[The modern non-invasive methods for the evaluation of the age-specific changes in the skin].

The present review article is designed to analyse the current state-of-the-art in the field of diagnostics of the main morphological and functional parameters characterizing the involutional processes in the facial skin. The possibilities of the practical application of the available non-invasive methods for the evaluation of the age of the living people in the framework of the forensic medical identification expertise are considered. The main problems and vectors of the further development of methodological approaches to the determination of the biological age based on the results of the studies of skin and its appendages are discussed.

Effects of expression of transcriptional factor AP-1 FOSL1 gene on psoriatic process.

We performed quantitative analysis of FOSL1 gene expression in lesional psoriatic skin. The expression of this gene in lesional psoriatic skin was significantly increased compared to that in unaffected areas. Enhanced FOSL1 expression significantly correlated with high psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). High level of FOSL1 gene expression was proposed to be a marker of pathological process activity in psoriasis.

[Correction of the antioxidative system during ozone therapy in peritonitis].

Clinical studies revealed correlation of changes in anti-oxidative system and lipid peroxidation with peritonitis phases. The assessment of anti-oxidative system was used as an additional diagnostic and prognostic criterion for the disease. Data are presented in proof of efficiency of an ozone physiological solution included in combined treatment of acute peritonitis. Ozone therapy helped to normalize functioning of the anti-oxidative defensive system and thereby decrease the incidence of severe complications and fatal cases among patients with peritonitis.

[Evaluation of fludarabine-containing regimens versus immunochemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

AIM: to analyze the efficacy of RFC (rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphan), FCM (fludarabine, cyclophosphan, and mitoxantrone), and FC (fludarabine and cyclophosphan) treatment programs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in an open-labeled comparative controlled investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper presents the authors' results of treatment in patients with progressive CLL in 2002 to 2007. The study included 229 patients, of them 78 patients received the RFC program, 72 had the FCM program, and 79 had the FC one. RESULTS: With the use of RFC, a clinically significant therapeutic effect was obtained in 96% of the patients, a complete remission (CR) was in 80% of the primary patients and in 53% of the pretreated patients. When the FCM program was applied, a positive response was noted in 93% of the patients, CR was seen in 75 and 42% of the primary and pretreated patients, respectively. In the treatment of FC, the total effect was 80%, CR was in 41 and 14% of the primary and pretreated patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Comparative analysis of an objective response to therapy has indicated that the effectiveness of the RFC significantly exceeds that of the FCM and FC programs, without enhancing toxicity, which allows he RFC regimen to be regarded as the program of choice in therapy for CLL.

Redox status of rats during treatment by ozonated saline according to different protocols.

Repeated daily injections of ozonated saline to intact rats significantly modified their redox status. Intensification of free-radical processes paralleled by suppression of the antioxidant system creates prerequisites for failure of adaptation and compensation mechanisms of homeostasis.

[Contractile capacity of fibroblasts from different sources in the model of living skin equivalent].

Human fibroblasts contract collagen gel in vitro and produce a connective tissue-like structure termed the living skin equivalent. In this study, the contractile capacity of postnatal dermal fibroblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal cells derived from the fat tissue has been compared to that of fetal dermal fibroblasts in the model of living skin equivalent. The results show that fetal fibroblasts contract the collagen gel approximately six times stronger than do all other fibroblast cell types, with the numbers of all these cells being equal. A deeper insight into the behavior of fibroblasts differing in their origin will help to develop new approaches to the treatment and regulation of wound healing and fibrosis formation.

[Apoptosis and micro- and macroelement composition of lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper describes the results of comparatively analyzing the parameters of apoptosis, micro- and macroelement spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy donors and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis. In drug-responsive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, unidirectional pretreatment changes were generally recorded in the activity of apoptosis and the spectrum of chemical elements of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were most pronounced after completion of a phase of intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy. After termination of a complete course of the therapy, apoptotic activity lowered with the cationic composition of cells being normalized. The parameters differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from COPD were ascertained, these included increases in the count of apoptotic cells and the cell concentrations of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+.

[Polymorphism of glutathion-S-transferase genes in patients with prostatic cancer].

The study of polymorphic variants of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes from 61 patients with prostatic cancer (PC) has shown that incidence of 0/0 genotype GSTT1 and GSTM1 in PC patients was significantly higher of that in healthy men (n = 100) (34.4 and 15% in p = 0.007 and 60.7 and 43% in p = 0.04, respectively). PC risk in carriers of a GSTT1 deletion form was 2.97, CI95%--1.3-6.84, GSTM1--2.04 in CI95% 1.02-4.1. The analysis of combinations of pathological genotypes of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes has demonstrated that 89.8% PC patients have a mutation in one of the genes GSTT1, GSTM1 or GSTP1.

[Mechanisms underlying changes in functional properties of red cells in acute action of carbon monoxide].

It has been experimentally established that a single impact of carbon mono-oxide in concentration 4000 mg/m3 during 75 minutes (CL50) in rats is accompanied with disturbance of functional activities of blood red cells in the form of a decrease of deformability and an increase of aggregative capacity of erythrocytes which are most evident to the end of the first day after carbon mono-oxide administration. These changes are combined with structural modification and changes in metabolism of erythrocytic membrane. The signs of structural modification of erythrocytic membrane in rats exposed to acute effect of carbon mono-oxide in a mean lethal concentration stay long remaining during elimination of carboxyhemoglobinemia (up to 14-21 days).

[Immune pathology in pulmonary tuberculosis].

The data of modem literature and the results of original investigations on mechanisms of immunopathological alterations in tuberculosis infection are presented. The role of cellular and humoral parts of immunity in pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis is discussed and cytokine-mediated mechanisms of disorders in a specific immune response are analysed.

[Change in the production of key cytokines for regulation eosinophilic granulocytes in Opisthorchis felineus invasion].

Opisthorchis invasion is accompanied by the imbalanced lymphocytic subpopulational composition manifested itself as induction of the B-link and, on the contrary, depression of T-lymphocytic populations (CD4+, CD8+), with their weaker helper-suppressor association. The immunocompetent cells were ascertained to show a higher production of TH2 cytokines that had an eosinophil-stumulating effect.

Correlations of arterial hemodynamics with the severity of clinical manifestations of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

A variety of clinical manifestations of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in virtually the same anatomical disorders of the vertebral arteries indicates the multilevel regulation of the cerebral bloodflow aimed at its stabilization and maintenance. The main arteries of the head and peripheral arteries were studied by Doppler ultrasonography in patients with anatomical disorders of vertebral arteries (atherosclerotic, extravasal compressions, congenital abnormalities, etc.). A relationship between the variability of clinical picture of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and the diastolic bloodflow in the large aortic arteries was detected.

Modulation of phagocytic activity of blood polynuclear leukocytes with ozonized physiological saline.

We studied the effect of ozonized physiological saline on phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes from dog blood. Intravenous infusion of the examined doses of ozonized saline stimulated phagocytosis. Repeated intravenous infusion (48 h after) of the same dose was followed by a significant decrease in phagocytic capacity of polynuclears.

[Expression and function of p63 gene in epithelial cells].

The presented data indicate that the p63 gene is required for the commitment of epidermal stem cells in embryonic development. At the same time, p63 underlies many functions involved in the self-renewal of stem cells in the adult epidermis. Its expression provides for keratinocyte adhesion, inhibits apoptosis, and maintains the integrity of the epidermal tissue.

Role of genetically determined production of immunoregulatory cytokines in immunopathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitides.

Immunopathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitides was studied by modern immunological, molecular, genetic methods. We revealed an imbalance in the production of immunoregulatory cytokines by mononuclear leukocytes (primarily of the Th2 type). The risk of progression and chronic course of viral hepatitides in Caucasian population was associated with alleles of promoter regions -330G and -592A in the IL-2 and IL-10 genes, respectively, as well as with the T/T genotype of the polymorphic region C590T in the IL-4 gene. The C/C genotype of the IL-10 gene promoter region C592A was shown to be a factor determining resistance to long-term persistence of hepatitis B and C viruses.

Effect of recombinant interleukin-5, interleukin-3, and eotaxin on apoptosis in eosinophilic granulocytes.

We studied in vitro effects of recombinant interleukin-5, interleukin-3, and eotaxin on programmed death of eosinophils from healthy donors and patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas associated with severe blood eosinophilia. Interleukin-5 and eotaxin produced the most potent antiapoptotic effect on eosinophils from healthy donors. In patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, spontaneous apoptosis in eosinophilic leukocytes was low and remained unchanged during incubation with recombinant proteins.